Cell Structure and Function

These flashcards cover key concepts related to cell structure and function, focusing on the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, organelles, and cellular processes.

What aids material transport within a cell?

Molecular 'zip codes'.

What role does the cytoskeleton play in cells?

It provides structural framework, aiding in cell division, movement, and transport.

What are the two main types of cells according to morphology?

Prokaryotes (lack a nucleus) and Eukaryotes (have a nucleus).

What type of DNA do most prokaryotes possess?

One supercoiled circular chromosome, typically found in the nucleoid region.

What are plasmids?

Small, supercoiled, circular DNA molecules that can contain genes aiding in environmental adaptations.

Name the structure that synthesizes proteins in prokaryotic cells.

Ribosomes.

What encompasses the specific functions of the Golgi apparatus?

Processes, sorts, and ships proteins synthesized in the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

What is the primary function of mitochondria?

ATP production.

What are the two structures that can be found in plant cells but not in animal cells?

Chloroplasts and cell walls.

What is the primary component of the plant cell wall?

Cellulose.

How do eukaryotic cells differ from prokaryotic cells in terms of DNA location?

Eukaryotic DNA is located inside a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic DNA is in the nucleoid region.

What type of endocytosis brings fluid into the cell?

Pinocytosis.

What is the role of lysosomes in cells?

Digestion and waste processing.

What is unique about the structure of rough endoplasmic reticulum?

It is studded with ribosomes.

What are the two primary advantages of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Separation of incompatible chemical reactions and increased efficiency of chemical reactions.