Psychology Unit 6

What term describes innate, complex behaviors triggered by broad events?

Instincts.

What is the definition of learning?

A relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge due to experience.

Name the type of learning involving the association between stimuli that occur together.

Associative Learning.

What is classical conditioning?

Learning to associate two stimuli that happen together.

In Pavlov's experiment, what does UCS stand for?

Unconditioned Stimulus.

What term refers to the reappearance of an extinguished response after a rest period?

Spontaneous Recovery.

What is positive reinforcement?

Adding a desirable stimulus to increase behavior.

What is the difference between positive and negative punishment?

Positive punishment adds an undesirable stimulus, while negative punishment removes a pleasant stimulus.

What type of reinforcement occurs when reinforcement is provided every time a behavior occurs?

Continuous Reinforcement.

In operant conditioning, what is the role of the Skinner Box?

It helps study how reinforcement influences behavior by allowing animals to press a lever for food.

What is latent learning?

Learning that occurs but is not demonstrated until there is motivation to show it.

What is observational learning?

Learning by watching others and imitating their actions or words.

Who proposed the social learning theory that emphasizes cognitive processes in learning?

Albert Bandura.

What is intrinsic motivation?

Drive motivated by internal satisfaction, such as enjoyment of the task.

What is the principle behind drive reduction theory?

Drives push behavior toward homeostasis.

What does determinism suggest about behavior?

All behavior has a cause and is predictable.

What example illustrates soft determinism?

Poverty may influence, but not determine, one's decision to steal.