Tudors - HVIII

Henry VIII becomes king

• 1509 (till 1547)

• Married Catherine of Aragon 2 weeks before

The Battle of the Spurs

• 1513

• H. invades France w Maximilian (HRE) - 30,000 men

• Captured towns Therouanne + Tournai - SUCCESS

• Wolsey’s planning → trust, influence + Bishop of Tournai

Battle of Flodden Field

• 1513

• Whilst H away fighting in France, Scotts attacked

• King James IV + 5000 his men slain

• Decreased power of Scottish nobility + sister Margaret made regent

Anglo-French Treaty

• 1514

• Temporary peace France + ENG

• Marriage of H sister Mary to Louis (dies next year)

• Keep possession of Tournai

• Brokered by Wolsey

Treaty of London

• 1518

• Non aggression between major European powers (Eng, Spn, HRE, Fr) → if someone broke treaty all would attack them

• Heaped prestige on H + Wolsey praised

The Field of the Cloth of Gold

• 1520

• French + Spn tensions had renewed in fight for HRE

• Intended to improve Anglo-French relations → failed

• Spectacular event between H + Francis - cost millions eg. Huge temporary palace

• 2 weeks later H met with Charles V (HRE + Spain)

Battle of Pavia

• 1525

• France invaded Italy, Charles V attacked French who were completely defeated - 100,000 French dead + Francis taken prisoner

• Meant ENG would now have to ally w France, as Charles now had no interest in sharing spoils

Amicable Grant

• 1525

• Additional tax (forced loans) by Wolsey, to raise fund for expedition to France

• Not levied w parliament → legal framework very weak

• Caused rebellion Suffolk, grant abandoned

Treaty of Cambrai

• 1529

• Signed by Charles V (France) + Francis I (HRE)

• England left out + isolated from international politics