A&P - Body Terms, Anatomical Positions & Directions, and Brief Desc. of Systems of Body (HS Junior Year)

All of the paper flashcards I made for my Anatomy & Physiology class in my Junior year of High School but converted to a digital version :D

Scapular

Area of shoulder blades (posterior)

Vertebral

Spinal column (posterior)

Plantar

Sole of foot (posterior)

Sacral

Area between hips at base of spine (posterior)

Tarsal

Ankle (Posterior)

Fibular

Lateral part of leg (Anterior + Posterior)

Buccal

Cheek (Anterior)

Oral

Mouth (Anterior)

Antecubital

Front of elbow (Anterior)

Manus

Hand

Crural

Leg (Anterior)

Cervical

Neck (Anterior + Posterior)

Pelvic Order

Pelvic (area overlying pelvis entirely), Inguinal (groin), Pubic (genital) — (Anterior)

Axillary

Armpit (Anterior + Posterior)

Acromial

Shoulder (Anterior + Posterior)

Olecranal

Elbow (Posterior)

Thoracic

Area between neck and abdomen

Calcaneal

Heel of foot (Posterior)

Nasal

Nose (Anterior)

Pectoral

On chest (Anterior)

Popliteal

Back of knee (Posterior)

Mental

Chin (Anterior)

Sural

Calf (Posterior)

Patellar

Front of knees (Anterior)

Femoral

Thigh (Anterior + Posterior)

Coxal

Hip (Anterior)

Gluteal

Butt (Posterior)

Deltoid

Curve of shoulder (Anterior)

Pedal

Foot

Lumbar

Area of back between ribs and hips; the loin (Posterior)

Umbilical

Navel (Anterior)

Orbital

Eye (Anterior)

Mammory

Chest/Breast (Anterior)

Occiptal

Back of head (Posterior)

Digital

Fingers and toes (Anterior + Posterior)

Carpal

Wrist (Anterior)

Antebrachial

Forearm (Anterior + Posterior)

Frontal

Forehead (Anterior)

Cephalic

Head (Anterior and Posterior)

Brachial

Arm (Anterior + Posterior)

Sternal

Breastbone Area (Anterior)

Dorsal

Back

Superior

Above; Towards head (Ex. The head is SUPERIOR to the neck)

Inferior

Below; Away from head (Ex. The legs are INFERIOR to the waist)

Proximal

Close to point of attachment (Ex. The hand is PROXIMAL to the elbow)

Distal

Farther from point of attachment (Ex. The shoulder is DISTAL to the elbow than the hand is)

Medial

Towards the mid-line of body (Ex. The pinky is MEDIAL to the body)

Lateral

Away from mid-line of body (Ex. The thumb is LATERAL to the body)

Anterior

Towards the front; Frontside of body (Ex. Your chest is ANTERIOR)

Posterior

Behind; Backside of body (Ex. Your gluteus is on the POSTERIOR side)

Superficial

Closer to the surface (Ex. Skin is SUPERFICIAL)

Deep

Deeper (Ex. Lungs are more DEEP than skin)

Saggital Plane

Cut dividing body into left and right sections

Mid-Saggital Plane

Cut directly in middle of body, starting from skull

Frontal Plane (Coronal)

Divides body into anterior and posterior halves

Transversal Plane (Horizontal)

Divides body into superior and inferior sections

Body Cavities

Abdominal Regions

Right Hypochondriac, Epigastric, Left Hypochondriac, Right Lumbar, Umbilical, Left Lumbar, Right Iliac, Hypogastric, Left Iliac

Integumentary System

-Consists of skin, hair, and nails.

-Forms external body covering and protects deeper tissue from injury.

-Synthesizes Vitamin D.

-Sensory receptors, sweat, and oil glands.

Digestive System

Consist of the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, and rectum.

Breaks food down into absorbable nutrients that enter blood for distributions to body cells; indigestible food eliminated as feces.

Circulatory System

Consists of the heart and blood vessels.

Blood vessels transport blood.

Heart pumps blood.

Muscular System

Consists of skeletal muscles.

Allows manipulation of environment, locomotion, and facial expression.

Maintains posture.

Produces heat.

Skeletal System

Consists of cartilages, joints, and bones,

Provides protection for internal part of body.

Framework for muscles.

Blood cells formed within bones; stores minerals.

Nervous System

Consists of brain, sensory receptors, spinal cord, and nerves.

Fast-acting control system of body.

Responds to internal and external changes by activating appropriate muscles and glands.

Endocrine System

Consists of the pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid glands, thymus glands, adrenal glands, pancreas, testis, and ovary.

Glands that secrete hormones that regulate processes (growth, reproduction, development)

Reproductive System (Male)

Prostate gland, seminal vesicles, testis, scrotum, penis

Reproductive System (Female)

Mammary glands, uterine tube, ovary, uterus, vagina

Urinary System

Consists of kidney, ureter, urinary bladder, and urethra.

Eliminates nitrogen-containing wastes from body.

Regulates water, electrolyte, and acid-base balance of blood.

Lymphatic System

Consists of lymph nodes and lymphatic vessels.

Picks up leaked fluid from blood vessels and returns it to blood.

Disposes debris in lymphatic stream.

Houses white blood cells involved in immunity.

Respiratory System

Consists of nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs.

Keeps blood constantly supplied with oxygen and removes Carbon Dioxide.

Gas exchange occurs through walls of air sacs of lungs.

6 Levels of Structural Organization

1. Atoms

2. Cells

3. Tissues

4. Organs

5. Organ System

6. Organism