Unit 2: Prefixes

prenatal (adj)
/ˌpriːˈneɪtl/

trước khi sinh
e.g. She went to the clinic for her regular prenatal check-up.

perinatal (adj)
/ˌperɪˈneɪtl/

quanh lúc sinh
e.g. Good perinatal care can prevent problems during delivery.

postnatal (adj)
/ˌpəʊstˈneɪtl/

sau khi sinh (thường nói về bé)
e.g. She received postnatal care to help her recover after giving birth.

fetus (n)
/ˈfiːtəs/

thai nhi
e.g. The doctor said the fetus is growing well at 20 weeks.

umbilical cord (n)
/ʌmˈbɪlɪkl kɔːd/

dây rốn
e.g. The umbilical cord was cut right after the baby was born.

aphasia (n)
/əˈfeɪziə/

chứng mất ngôn ngữ

e.g. After his stroke, he had aphasia and couldn’t find the right words to say.

anoxia (n)
/ænˈɒk.si.ə/

thiếu oxy (hoàn toàn)

e.g. Anoxia can occur if the lungs cannot supply enough oxygen to the body.

antibiotic (n)
/ˌæntibaɪˈɒtɪk/

kháng sinh

e.g. She took an antibiotic for a week to clear up the bacterial infection.

autograft (n)
/ˈɔː.təʊ.ɡrɑːft/

cấy ghép tự thân
e.g. After the burn, the doctor used an autograft to repair the damaged skin.

bradycardia (n)
/ˌbreɪ.diˈkɑː.di.ə/

nhịp tim chậm
e.g. He felt tired and weak because of the bradycardia affecting his heart’s ability to pump blood effectively.

pigment (n)
/ˈpɪɡmənt/

sắc tố
e.g. The skin's color is determined by the amount of pigment called melanin.

depigmentation (n)
/ˌdiː.pɪɡ.mənˈteɪ.ʃən/

mất sắc tố
e.g. Depigmentation of hair can happen with age, making it turn gray or white.

dysuria (n)
/dɪs.ˈjʊr.i.ə/

tiểu buốt
e.g. Dysuria can sometimes occur after sexual activity

endoscope (n)
/ˈendəskəʊp/

ống nội soi
e.g. The doctor used an endoscope to examine the patient's stomach.

epigastric (adj)
/ˌep.ɪˈɡæs.trɪk/

thuộc vùng thượng vị
e.g. He complained of epigastric pain after eating a heavy meal.

eupnea (n)
/jupnˈiə/

hô hấp bình thường
e.g. The patient's breathing returned to eupnea after treatment.

exostosis (n)
/ˌek.səˈstəʊ.sɪs/

gai xương
e.g. Exostosis may cause pain or limit joint movement.

extracorporeal (adj)
/ˌekstrəkɔːˈpɔːriəl/

ngoài cơ thể
e.g. Extracorporeal techniques are used during open-heart surgery.

heterograft (n)
/ˈhɛtərəʊˌɡrɑːf/

mảnh ghép khác loài

e.g. The burn patient received a heterograft from a pig to cover the wound temporarily.

homograft (n)

/ˈhɒməˌɡrɑːft/

mảnh ghép đồng loài
e.g. The patient received a homograft for skin repair.

hypertrophy (n)
/haɪˈpɜːtrəfi/

sự phát triển quá mức
e.g. Cardiac hypertrophy can occur in response to high blood pressure.

hypodermic (adj)

/ˌhaɪpəˈdɜːmɪk/

dưới da
e.g. He felt a sharp pain when the hypodermic needle was injected.

infertility (n)
/ˌɪnfɜːˈtɪləti/

vô sinh
e.g. Infertility is often caused by hormonal imbalances

intervertebral (n)
/ˌɪn.təˈvɜː.tɪ.brəl/

giữa các đốt sống
e.g. Intervertebral means between the bones in your back.

vertebra (n)
/ˈvɜːtɪbrə/

đốt sống
e.g. She suffered an injury to the fifth vertebra after the car accident.

intravenous (adj)

/ˌɪntrəˈviːnəs/

trong tĩnh mạch

e.g. Intravenous injections are often used for fast delivery of medication.

macrotia (n)
/ˌmækˈroʊtiə/

tật tai to

e.g. Macrotia can be corrected with cosmetic ear surgery.

microtia (n)
/maɪˈkrəʊ.ʃə/

tật tai nhỏ
e.g. The baby was born with microtia in the right ear.

neonatology (n)
/ˌniː.əʊ.neɪˈtɒl.ə.dʒi/

khoa sơ sinh
e.g. The baby was transferred to the neonatology unit for special care.

paranasal (adj)
/ˌpærəˈneizəl/

(thuộc) vùng quanh mũi

e.g. Paranasal infections can cause facial pain and headaches.

paresthesia (n)
/ ˌpær əsˈθi ʒə/

cảm giác bất thường
e.g. Paresthesia can be a symptom of nerve damage or poor blood circulation.

paraplegia (n)
/ˌpærəˈpliːdʒə/

liệt hai chi dưới
e.g. People with paraplegia often use wheelchairs for mobility.

percutaneous (adj)
/ˌpɜːkjuːˈteɪniəs/

qua da
e.g. A percutaneous needle was used to take blood.

pericardial (adj)
/ˌper.ɪˈkɑː.di.əl/

(thuộc) màng ngoài tim
e.g. Pericardial inflammation can cause chest pain.

postpartum (adj)

/ˌpəʊst ˈpɑːtəm/

sau sinh (thường tập trung vào mẹ)
e.g. She experienced postpartum depression after the birth of her child.

preoperative (adj)
/priˈɒpərətɪv/

trước phẫu thuật

e.g. Preoperative tests help doctors prepare for surgery.

pseudocyesis (n)
/ˌsjuːdəʊsaɪˈiːsɪs /

mang thai giả
e.g. She was diagnosed with pseudocyesis after experiencing pregnancy-like symptoms.

reinfection (n)
/ˌriː.ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

tái nhiễm

e.g. Reinfection with the same virus is possible if the immune system is weak.

retrograde (adj)
/ˈretrəɡreɪd/

ngược lại
e.g. Retrograde flow can happen in the heart's valves.

subcutaneous (adj)
/ˌsʌbkjuˈteɪniəs/

dưới da
e.g. The doctor gave the patient a subcutaneous injection for the medication.

tachycardia (n)
/ˌtækɪˈkɑːdiə/

tăng nhịp tim
e.g. Tachycardia can be caused by stress, fever, or heart problems.

transurethral (adj)
/ˌtranzjᵿˈriːθrəl/

qua niệu đạo
e.g. The doctor used a transurethral tool for the treatment.

ultrasound (n)
/ˈʌltrəsaʊnd/

siêu âm
e.g. The doctor recommended an ultrasound to check the baby's development.

unconscious (adj)
/ʌnˈkɒnʃəs/

mất ý thức
e.g. The patient was unconscious after the accident.

bilateral (adj)
/ˌbaɪˈlætərəl/

hai bên
e.g. The patient has bilateral hearing loss.

hemiplegia (n)
/hɛmɪˈpliːdʒɪə/

liệt nửa người
e.g. The stroke caused hemiplegia on the left side of his body.

monoplegia (n)
/mɒnə(ʊ)ˈpliːdʒə/

liệt một chi

e.g. The patient has monoplegia in the right arm.

multigravida (n)
/ˌmʌltiˈɡravᵻdə/

người đã mang thai nhiều lần
e.g. The patient is a multigravida, currently in her third pregnancy.

nulligravida (n)
/ˌnʌlᵻˈɡravᵻdə/

người phụ nữ chưa từng mang thai
e.g. The patient is a nulligravida at 30 years old.

pansinusitis (n)
/ˌpæn.saɪ.njuˈsaɪ.tɪs/

viêm toàn bộ các xoang
e.g. Pansinusitis can cause headache, facial pain.

polymyositis (n)
/ˌpɒlimʌɪə(ʊ)ˈsʌɪtᵻs/

viêm nhiều cơ
e.g. Polymyositis makes it hard for patients to lift their arms or climb stairs.

quadriplegia (n)
/ˌkwɒd rəˈpli dʒi ə/

liệt tứ chi
~ tetraplegia /tɛtrəˈpliːdʒɪə/
e.g. People with quadriplegia often need help with daily activities.

semiconscious (adj)
/ˌsɛmiˈkɒnʃəs/

nửa tỉnh nửa mê

e.g. She was semiconscious and unable to speak clearly.

triceps (n)
/ˈtraɪseps/

cơ tam đầu
e.g. He injured his triceps while lifting weights.

osteomalacia (n)
/ˌɒstiəʊməˈleɪʃ(i)ə

nhuyễn xương
e.g. Osteomalacia can cause bone pain and muscle weakness.

intercostal (adj)
/ˌɪntəˈkɒstl/

giữa các xương sườn
e.g. Intercostal muscles help with breathing.

emesis (n)
/ˈɛmɪsɪs/

sự nôn
e.g. The patient experienced emesis after taking the medication.

adenoma (n)
/ˌadᵻˈnəʊmə/

u tuyến

e.g. Liver adenomas are usually found during routine checkups.

laryngotomy (n)
/ˌlarᵻŋˈɡɒtəmi/

thủ thuật mở thanh quản
e.g. An emergency laryngotomy was performed to help the patient breathe.

lipoid (n)
/ˈlɪpɔɪd/

chất giống mỡ
e.g. Lipoid means something is like fat.

cephalalgia (n)
/ ˌsɛf əˈlæl dʒə/

chứng đau đầu

e.g. Cephalalgia can be a symptom of many medical conditions.

morphology (n)
/mɔːˈfɒlədʒi/

hình thái học
e.g. Morphology studies the structure and shape of organisms.

carcinogenic (adj)
/ˌkɑːsɪnəˈdʒenɪk/

gây ung thư
e.g. Cigarette smoke is carcinogenic.

encephalocele (n)
/ɛnˈsɛfələʊˌsiːl/

u não
e.g. Surgery is often required to treat encephalocele.

arthroplasty (n)
/ˈɑːθrə(ʊ)ˌplasti/

phẫu thuật thay khớp

e.g. Arthroplasty is often recommended for patients with severe arthritis.

oncologist (n)
/ɒŋˈkɒlədʒɪst/

bác sĩ ung thư
e.g. The oncologist recommended chemotherapy for the patient’s cancer treatment.

hypertrophy (n)
/haɪˈpɜːtrəfi/

phì đại
e.g. Hypertrophy of the heart muscle can occur in response to high blood pressure.

chondrectomy (n)
/kɒnˈdrɛktəmi/

cắt bỏ sụn

e.g. Chondrectomy is sometimes necessary in severe arthritis cases.

histology (n)
/hɪˈstɒlədʒi/

mô học

e.g. The histology report showed signs of inflammation.

thoracocentesis (n)
/ˌθɔːrəkəʊsɛnˈtiːsɪs/

chọc hút màng phổi

e.g. The doctor performed thoracocentesis to remove fluid from the patient’s chest.

cholelithotomy (n)
/ˌkəʊ.lɪ.lɪˈθɒtə.mi/

mổ lấy sỏi mật
e.g. The surgeon performed a cholelithotomy to remove gallstones.

otorrhea (n)
/ˌəʊtə(ʊ)ˈrɪə/

chảy dịch tai

e.g. The child had otorrhea due to a middle ear infection.

bladder (n)
/ˈblædə(r)/

bàng quang
e.g. She has a small bladder, so she goes to the toilet often.

cystotomy (n)

/sᵻˈstɒtəmi/

mổ cắt bàng quang
e.g. The doctor performed a cystotomy to remove the bladder stone.

abdominalgia (n)
/ˌæb.də.mɪˈnæl.dʒə/

đau bụng
e.g. The patient complained of abdominalgia after eating a large meal.

cranium (n)
/ˈkreɪniəm/

hộp sọ
e.g. The cranium is made up of several bones that protect the brain.

hydrophobia (n)
/ˌhaɪdrəˈfəʊbiə/

sợ nước
e.g. Hydrophobia can occur as a psychological condition

adduction (n)
/əˈdʌkʃn/

gấp vào
e.g. Adduction of the arm occurs when you bring your arm toward your body.

streptococcus (n)
/strɛptəˈkɒkəs/

liên cầu khuẩn
Số nhiều: streptococci /ˌstreptəˈkɒkaɪ/
e.g. Streptococci can cause throat infections

pyogenic (adj)
/ˌpʌɪə(ʊ)ˈdʒɛnɪk/

sinh mủ
e.g. The wound became red due to a pyogenic reaction.

aberrant (adj)
/əˈberənt/

bất thường, lệch chuẩn
e.g. Aberrant behavior in cells can lead to cancer

pelvic (adj)
/ˈpelvɪk/

thuộc về xương chậu
e.g. She experienced pelvic pain during early pregnancy.

cholecystotomy (n)
/ˌkɒlɪsɪˈstɒtəmɪ/

mở túi mật
e.g. The patient recovered well after an emergency cholecystotomy.