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What is the equation for density?
Density = mass/volume
What is density measured in?
kg/m^3
What type of objects always float in water?
Objects that have a lower density of water
Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a solid?
The particles are held next to each other in fixed position by strong forces of attraction. They vibrate about their fixed position
Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a liquid?
The particles are in contact with each other, and the forces of attraction between them are weaker than that in solids.
The particles are free to randomly move around each other.
Describe the arrangement and movement of particles in a gas?
The particles move about at random fast. They are, on average, much further apart from each other than the particles of a liquid.
What happens to the mass of a substance when the state changes and why?
It's mass stays the same because the number of particles stay the same. (Conservation of mass)
Describe how the arrangement and motion of the particles in a substance change as the substance moves from a solid to a gas? (4)
The temperature of the solid rises as the particles vibrate more and more due to the increase in energy
Once the substance reaches it's melting point, it turns from a solid to a liquid. The temperature doesn't increase because all the energy is used to break the bonds
After all the bonds have been broken, the temperature begins to rise again
Once the boiling point is reached, the liquid changes into a gas. The temperature doesn't increase as the energy is used to break the bonds
What is internal energy?
Energy stored by particles in a substance
Describe the movement of the particles of helium gas inside a balloon?
The particles are moving randomly at a range of speeds
What is the pressure of a gas caused by?
The particles of the gas repeatedly hitting the surface
What is the correlation between the volume of gas and the pressure
Pressure of gas is inversely proportional to its volume
What happens if you halve the volume of a container with the same number of particles in?
Why?
The pressure doubles.
The number of impacts per second increases, so total force of impact increases because the distance is smaller.
Why does the temperature of a gas increase of compressed rapidly?
Work is done on it and that energy isn't transferred quickly enough to its surroundings
What is the evidence for random motion of gas particles?
The unpredictable motion of smoke particles
What is specific heat capacity?
The amount of energy required to increase the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1C
What is the equation for S.H.C?
Energy transferred/Mass x temperature change
What is the unit for S.H.C?
J/kg C
What is Specific Latent Heat?
The energy required to change the state of a substance without changing its temperature
What is Specific Latent Heat of fusion?
The energy required to change 1kg of a substance from solid state to liquid state without a change in temperature.
What is the equation for Specific Latent Heat of fusion?
Energy/Mass
What is Specific Latent Heat of vaporisation?
The energy required to change 1kg of a substance from liquid state to gas state (vapour) without a change in temperature.
What is the equation for Specific Latent Heat of vaporisation?
Energy/Mass
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