Lecture Notes: Muscles of the Lower Extremity – Flashcards (Question & Answer)

Question-and-answer style flashcards covering the major lower-limb muscles, focusing on origin, insertion, and basic actions as described in the notes.

What is the origin and insertion of the Gastrocnemius muscle?

Origin: condyles of the femur, posterior surfaces. Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.

What is the origin and insertion of the Soleus muscle?

Origin: soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia; and posterior aspect of head of fibula. Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.

What is the origin and insertion of the Tibialis Posterior muscle?

Origin: proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; interosseous membrane. Insertion: all five tarsal bones and bases of second through fourth metatarsals.

What is the origin and insertion of the Fibularis Longus muscle?

Origin: head of fibula and proximal two-thirds of the lateral fibula. Insertion: base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform.

What is the origin and insertion of the Fibularis Brevis muscle?

Origin: distal two-thirds of lateral fibula. Insertion: tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal.

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle?

Origin: middle, posterior surface of tibia. Insertion: distal phalanges of second through fifth toes.

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle?

Origin: middle half of posterior fibula. Insertion: distal phalanx of first toe.

What is the origin and insertion of the Plantaris muscle?

Origin: lateral supracondylar line of femur. Insertion: calcaneus via calcaneal tendon.

What is the origin and insertion of the Tibialis Anterior muscle?

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia; interosseous membrane. Insertion: medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal.

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Digitorum Longus muscle?

Origin: lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula; interosseous membrane. Insertion: middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes.

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Longus muscle?

Origin: middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane. Insertion: distal phalanx of first toe.

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

Origin: dorsal surface of calcaneus. Insertion: proximal phalanx of first toe.

What is the origin and insertion of the Extensor Digitorum Brevis muscle?

Origin: dorsal surface of calcaneus. Insertion: second through fourth toes via the extensor digitorum longus tendons.

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Brevis muscle?

Origin: plantar surfaces of the cuboid and the lateral cuneiform. Insertion: medial and lateral surfaces of base of proximal phalanx of first toe.

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Hallucis Longus muscle (overview)?

Origin: middle half of posterior fibula. Insertion: distal phalanx of first toe.

What is the origin and insertion of the Flexor Digitorum Longus muscle (overview)?

Origin: middle, posterior surface of tibia. Insertion: distal phalanges of second through fifth toes.

What is the origin and insertion of the Rectus Femoris muscle?

Origin: anterior inferior iliac spine. Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament.

What is the origin and insertion of the Vastus Medialis muscle?

Origin: medial lip of linea aspera. Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament.

What is the origin and insertion of the Vastus Lateralis muscle?

Origin: lateral lip of linea aspera; gluteal tuberosity; greater trochanter. Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament.

What is the origin and insertion of the Vastus Intermedius muscle?

Origin: anterior and lateral shaft of femur. Insertion: tibial tuberosity via the patella and patellar ligament.

What is the origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris Long Head muscle?

Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: head of the fibula.

What is the origin and insertion of the Biceps Femoris Short Head muscle?

Origin: lateral lip of linea aspera. Insertion: head of the fibula.

What is the origin and insertion of the Semitendinosus muscle?

Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon.

What is the origin and insertion of the Semimembranosus muscle?

Origin: ischial tuberosity. Insertion: posterior aspect of medial condyle of tibia.

What is the origin and insertion of the Sartorius muscle?

Origin: anterior superior iliac spine. Insertion: proximal, medial shaft of the tibia at pes anserinus tendon.

What is the origin and insertion of the Gracilis muscle?

Origin: inferior ramus of pubis. Insertion: proximal, medial shaft of tibia at pes anserinus tendon.

What is the origin and insertion of the Popliteus muscle?

Origin: lateral condyle of the femur. Insertion: proximal, posterior aspect of tibia.

What is the origin and insertion of the Gluteus Maximus muscle?

Origin: coccyx, edge of sacrum, posterior iliac crest, sacrotuberous and sacroiliac ligaments. Insertion: iliotibial tract (upper fibers) and gluteal tuberosity (lower fibers).