long term and short term memory

Encoding-LTM

semantic

duration-LTM

many years

evaluation of evidence for Bahrick et al

•ecological validity

•lacks population validity (only Americans)

capacity- LTM

potentially unlimited

•

Bahrick et al

Encoding-STM

•

Acoustically

•

Baddeley (1966)

peterson and Peterson evaluation of evidence

•3 seconds-90%

•9seconds-20%

•19 seconds- 2%

•lacks internal validity

•face validity- studies what it aims

•has been repeated many times with similar results

•lacks mundane realism

•lacks construct validity- doesn't really test memory

•Reitman found different results with sounds

•results due to research design

duration- STM

•30seconds

•peterson& Peterson

evaluation of capacity evidence (miller)

•

possible extraneous variables

•

very reliable- could be repeated

•

capacity could be over estimated

•

some evidence says that STM is moe limited cowen's research stated that 4 characters were remembered

•

larger chunks are harder to remember

•

individual difference

capacity-STM

•

5-9 chunks of information

•

miller-magic number 7

Peterson & Peterson (1956)

•

researched duration of short term memory

•

used consonant syllables such as BNT in their research

•

found that short term memory lasts 18 seconds

•

used counting backwards as way of preventing rehersal

Baddeley (1966)

•

researched coding in short term memory

•

found that words are encoded acoustically in short term memory

•

found that information was encoded semantically in long term memory

•

used word lists such as cat,mat,hat,chat in research on memory

Miller (1956)

•

researched capacity in short term memory

•

used he magical number 7 to describe capacity of long term memory

•

investigated chunking in short term memory

•

did some research to jacobs (1887)

duration

how long you can hold the information for

capacity

how much information you can hold

retrieval

how information is acessed

storage

how information is stored

coding

how information is recorded (e.g. semantically, visually, acoustically).

long term memory

storing vast quantities of information for long periods of time

short term memory

storing small amounts of information for brief periods

Memory

A cognitive process, involving encoding ,storage and retrieval of information