Audiology Final Spring 2022

describe what we will see in hearing loss caused by Meniere's disease

-SNHL
-reverse loss (SNHL primarily in lower frequencies)

list the two types of EOAEs

transient evoked OAE (TEOAE); distortion product OAE (DPOAE)

ABR testing measures.... .... .... ....within the brainstem. electrodes are used to measure the activity.

auditory evoked electrophysiological activity

What muscles are involved in acoustic reflexes?

stapedius muscle contraction

these occur ipsilaterally and contralaterally. in cases of significant hearing loss, these may be elevated or absent. can be used to evaluate integrity of neural pathway.

acoustic reflex (testing)

Be able to list some objective tests that we have studied.

-Otoacoustic Emissions Testing
-Auditroy Brainstem Response Testing
-Acoustic Reflex Testing
-Tympanometry

Describe BOA

Behavioral Observation Audiometry. an auditory stimulus is presented to the patient and the clinician watches for some physical reaction. may be very unstructured. interpretation is very subjective.

what ages are BOA appropriate for?

birth to 6 months

Describe VRA

Visual Reinforcement Audiometry. the child is trained to look for a visual "reward" in response to an auditory stimulus. developmental milestones of sitting up, turning, and looking must be achieved.

what ages are VRA appropriate for?

6 months to two years old.

describe CPA

Conditioned Play Audiometry. a "game" activity is incorporated into pure tone testing. can be very time consuming. often multiple games needed for one test. procedure is modified for child's developmental ability.

what ages are CPA appropriate for?

2 to 5 years old

what are some "play" activities that could be used during testing when using CPA?

-Blocks or balls: Using positive reinforcement, the screener "trains" the child to place blocks or balls in a basket whenever he hears a tone.
Pegs: As with blocks, the screener teaches the child to place pegs in a hole whenever she hears a sound.
Rings: Like the above, the screener teaches the child a simple game. In this case, the child places a ring over a cone when he hears the beep.
Tablet games: A 2013 study found that a tablet-based audiometer might give audiologists another way to perform hearing tests on young kids in the future. The child plays simple games on an iPad or other device and receives rewards similar to the above.

an inner ear disorder resulting from too much endolymph build up in the inner ear

meniere's disease

what are the symptoms of Meniere's disease?

-roaring tinnitus
-episodes of vertigo
-aural fullness
-fluctuating low frequency SNHL

what are the "treatments" for Meniere's disease?

-low sodium diet
-low does diuretic
-surgical shunt

reliability checklist in audiology

1. pure tone average/speech recognition threshold (within 5 dB)
2. Tympanogram type and type of hearing loss
3. Type of hearing loss and speech recognition score
4.. Degree of loss and speech recognition score (SNHL)

describe what we will see with presbycusis

-SNHL
-sloping pattern (gradually worse in HIGHER frequencies)

Hearing loss or impairment resulting from exposure to loud sound.

noise induced hearing loss

describe what we will see with noised induced hearing loss

-SNHL
-noise notch or "4k notch"
-loss is greatest around 4kHz and "recovers" in higher frequencies

hearing loss that gradually occurs in most individuals as they grow older

presbycusis

purpose of hearing screening

to detect those individuals who demonstrate a greater probability for having a disease or condition so they may be referred for further evaluation

Who does hearing screenings?

audiologists, speech pathologists, school nurse, school aids, any trained volunteer

what frequencies are used for a hearing screening?

500, 1000, 2000, 4000 Hz, and 6000 Hz

what decibels are used for hearing screening?

20 dB for kids, 25 dB for adults

who is "at risk" for hearing loss?

-elderly
-people exposed to loud noises (work, war, recreation, etc.)
-family history
-some medications and illnesses

Otoacoustic Emissions (OAEs) are....generated by the OHCs within the cochlea. (not...)

sounds; tinnitus

these are otoacoustic emissions that occur spontaneously/randomly

spontaneous otoacoustic emissions

these are otoacoustic emissions that occur in response to an auditory stimulus

evoked otoacoustic emissions

short stimulus; clicks

transient evoked OAE

two tones being presented and what we get back has a mathematical relationship to what we gave

distortion product OAE

what part of the cochlea is evaluated by OAEs?

outer hair cells

how does middle ear function relate to OAE testing?

The client must have proper outer and middle ear function. Problems with the outer and middle ear can mess up testing.

OAEs are part of our...

newborn test battery

What does ABR stand for?

auditory brainstem response

ABR can be used to

find threshholds

ABR is part of our...

newborn test battery

What is the acoustic reflex threshold?

the lowest level at which an acoustic reflex can be obtained