UNIT 4 - AOS 1 - TOPIC 8 - COMPARING HEALTH STATUS AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT ACROSS COUNTRIES

Classifications

Low, Mid, High

Based on Gross National Index

Based on average income

Characteristics of all income countries

• Environmental

• Social

• Economic

Interact: good infrastructrure (env) supports trade (eco) which funds education (social)

Economic characteristics

• Levels of poverty

• Range of industries

• Average income

• Opportunity for global trade

Social Characteristics

• Gender equality

• Employment levels

• Birth rates and population growth

• Education

• Social security systems

• Health systems

• Legal systems

• Access to technology

Environmental Characteristics

• Access to water and sanitation

• Food security

• Adequate housing

• Co2 emissions

• Adequate infrastructure

What classifies poverty

Extreme poverty is less than 2.15 a day

Human development

• How well people are actually living

• People are the main focus of development

To develop into their full potential

HD (creates an environment in which)

• Participate in community

• Access knowledge, expand choices and capabilities

• Lead productive and creative lives according to interests and needs

• Live long and healthy lives

• Participate in decisions that impact their lives

• Access resources needed for a decent standard of living
  
  
  Equity, opportunities, education, capabilities

Human development indicators

• Life expectancy at birth

• Mean years of schooling

• Expected years of schooling

• Gross national income per capita

Human development dimensions

• A long, healthy life

• Knowledge

• A decent standard of living

HD Advantages

• Simplifies comparisons between countries

• Comprehensive; goes beyond economic factors

• Tracks progress over time

• Influences policy and awareness

HD Limitations

• Incomplete representation (doesnt measure other factors like housing or water)

• Hides inequalities between groups as its based on national averages

• No personal wellbeing data (eg. mental health, social wellbeing)

• Unreliable as some countries measure differently

• Oversimplified, ignores other aspects like freedom

Human Development Index

Developed by United Nations, estimates level of human development using indicators and dimensions

Environmental Sustainability

Environmental sustainability relates to ensuring the natural environment is used in a way that will preserve resources into the future.

Environmental sustainability considerations

• Biodiversity

• Climate change

• Waste removal and pollution

• Use of natural resources

Social Sustainability

Social sustainability relates to creating an equitable society where all people can access social resources, both now and into the future.

Social sustainability considerations

• Equity through the elimination of poverty and provision of SPS

• Peace and security

• Gender equality

• Access to safe and decent working conditions

• Promotion of political and legal rights

Economic sustainability

Economic sustainability relates to ensuring that average incomes in all countries are adequate to sustain a decent standard of living and continue to rise in line with inflation and living costs in the future.

Economic sustainability considerations

• Innovation and diversity of industries

• Job creation

• Economic growth

• Trade and fair

Sustainability

Sustainability is defined as meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.