MLS MIDTERM

Medical Laboratory Science (MLS) or Clinical Laboratory Science

Study and practice of diagnostic testing on human bodily fluid

Bodily fluids

Blood, urine, feces, sweat, tears, seven, cavity fluid

Mls

Bachelor degree awarded after successfully passing the ASCP national board

Requires a 4 year bachelor degree and certification to work as a generalist in all 5 laboratory disciplines

Mlt

Associate of science degree awarded after successful passing the ASCP

Cytology

The study of groups of cells obtained from various body sites through methods like fine needle aspiration, pap smears, or flow cytometry of fluid samples

Histology

The study of tissue at a microscopic level

Cytogenetics

Focus on chromosomal structur, number, and abnormalities a cellu,cellular level. Analyze DNA for structural or numerical abnormalities, mutations, or presences of specific sequences

Focusing detection of cancer from tissue, biopsies, smears and bodily fluids

Hematology and coagulation

Performs the identification and counting of blood and its constitutes

Cellular components of the blood are counted and coagulation or the bloods ability to clot is tested

Clinical chemistry, urinalysis and body fluid

Analyzes bodily fluid such as blood and urine to assess electrolytes, enzyme, hormones, lipids, proteins and other metabolites

Medical microbiology

Analyze blood, urin, feces, sputum for the presence of pathological microorganisms

Specimen are grown for identification or culturing and antibiotic sensitivity testing

Immunohematology (blood bnak)

The analysis of blood and its constituents for donation and transfusion

Blood bank does collection, processing and storage of blood while a transufusion servaicedoestestimg for safe and appropriate use of blood products in patient care

Immunology and serology

Analyzes antibodies, antigens, immune cells, and cytokines with the immune system for disease diagnosis and treatment

Molecular diagnostics

DNA and RNA are tested to produced diagnostic results

PCR → polymerase chain reaction

FISH→ fluorescence in situ hybridization

NGS→ next generation sequencing

Clinical toxicology

Focuses on clinical diagnosis, management, and treatment to poisoning by critical care providers and the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on humans

Administrative lab director

Oversees the lab and focused on quality improvement, faster TATS, improving financial aspects, expanding the services

Technical lab director or medical director

Either a clinical pathologist of a PhD, oversees the technical aspects of testing, laboratory quality and ultimately responsible for general results

Lab manager

Manage the entirely including purchasing, staffing and regulations

Lab supervisor

Manager a specific department of clinical laboratory

Medical Laboratory scientist

Perform testing and releases results

Medical Laboratory technicians

Perform testing

Medical Laboratory assistant

Transport specimens between depts, centrifuges blood samples, restock lab consumables, load instruments, Qc'ing instruments

Phlebotomists

Perform venipuncture on patients to collect venous blood specimens

Testing process

1) pre analytical

2) analytical

3) post analytical

Pre analytical

Positive identification

Patient preparation

Sample collection

Sample integrity

Analytical

Standardization

Operator competence

Analysis

Quality assurance

Post analytical

Result printing

Interfacing

Reporting

Communicating

Data management

Manages the laboratory information system

LIS→ a software that handles all patient data,interface with laboratory analysis and hospital information system

Test results verify→release to LIS→dilivet to EMR

Venipunctune

Preferred specimen

Done by relaxing the arm, tying a tourniquet and inserting the vacationer needle into the center vein on the inside of the elbow area (antecububital Fassa or cubits fossa)

Accreditation

The process of recognizing an organization compliance with the regulatory standards of the industry

NAACLS

the national accrediting agency for clinical laboratory science

Responsible for accrediting educational programs in medical lab science, medical lab technician, cytology, histology, cytogenetics, and others

Ensures educational programs meet established standards of quality and effectiveness and students are exposed to comprehensive and up to date range of topics relevant to MLS

Laboratory accreditation organization

College of American pathologist

The joint commission

Commission on office laboratory accreditation

Association for the advancement of blood and biotherapes

Certification organization

American society for clinical pathology

american medi a technologists

American association of bioanalysts

Professional organizations

American society for clinical laboratory science

American association of bioanalysts

AABB

Association for Diagnostics and Laboratory medicine

ASCP

American society for clinical pathology

Provides certification, continuous education, and membership for pathologists and laboratory professionals

OSH ACT

Occupational Safety and Health Act

Ensure workers workplace safety

Employers mush provide a place of employment free from safety and health hazards

OSHA

Outline standards for protective gear, hazardous chemical handling, specimen handling etc

Employers must provide PPE for eyes,face, head and extremities, respiratory devices, and protective shields and barriers

Chemical hygiene plan outlines response to chemical exposure

Lock out, tag out system outlines how how properly lock and Tage electrical equipment when electrical maintenance is performed

Exposure control plan outlines response to bloodborne pathogen Exposure

CLIA

Clinical laboratory improvement amendment

Ensure the quality of clinical laboratory testing

Designates levels of testing and corresponding personnel qualifications, determines how quality control is prefor,performed,, mandates competency and proficiency testing and requires inspection