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Intermediate acting benzo, used for sleep induction, suppresses REM sleep resulting in hangover effect
temazepam (Restoril)
Moderate or conscious sedation
Midazolam (Versed)
What is the antidote for benzodiazepines?
Flumazenil (Romazicon)
What are CNS depressants example?
Alcohol and opioids
First clinically available benzo, treatment of anxiety, procedural sedation and anesthesia adjunct, skeletal muscle relaxation
Diazepam (Valium)
Most commonly used preoperatively and for moderate sedation, normally administered in injection for adults and liquid form is available for children
Midazolam (Versed)
First hypnotic to be FDA approved for long term use, does not produce tolerance, designed to provide full 8 hours of sleep
Eszopiclone (Lunesta) Non benzo
Structurally similar to the hormone melatonin works as an agonist at melatonin receptors in the brain, indicated for patients with sleep onset difficulty rather than staying asleep
Ramelteon (Rozerem) Non benzo
Short acting non benzo hypnotic, lower incidence of day time sleepiness compared with benzo hypnotics
Zolpidem (Ambien) non benzo
Regulates sleep wake cycle, works well in patients who tolerated the first phase, feeling of being paralyzed before the brain shuts down and falls asleep.
Suvorexant (Belsomra)