US History Unit 12

Brown vs Board of Education

Declared state-sponsored segregation in public schools unconstitutional, marking a turning point in the Civil Rights Movement.

Plessy vs Ferguson

Established the "separate but equal" doctrine, legalizing racial segregation in public facilities.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, ending segregation in public places.

Malcolm X

Advocated for Black empowerment, self-defense, and Black nationalism, differing from MLK Jr.'s non-violent approach.

MLK Jr.

Central figure in the Civil Rights Movement, advocated for non-violent resistance and played key roles in events like the Montgomery bus boycott.

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Aimed to overcome legal barriers preventing African Americans from voting, outlawing discriminatory practices like literacy tests.

De facto/de jure segregation

De jure imposed by law (Jim Crow South), de facto through custom (housing and education in the North).

Black Panthers

Advocated for Black empowerment, self-defense, and community programs, influential in the Black Power movement.

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Prohibited housing discrimination based on race, religion, national origin, and later, sex and disability.

Impact of WWII on Civil Rights Movement

Provided job opportunities, military service, and activism leading to legal changes in civil rights.

Anti-war movement

Gained momentum during the Vietnam War, with protests against U.S. involvement for various reasons.

War Powers Act

Limited the president's ability to send troops into combat without Congressional approval, requiring notification and setting engagement limits.