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Erosion
A process which wears away and removes material by a force such as wind, water or air
Hydraulic action
The force of the river against the banks can cause air to be trapped in cracks and crevices casuong the rocks to break apart. The pressure weakens the banks and gradually wears it away.
Abrasion
When rocks grind along the river bank and bed chipping away at solid rock, creating small particles that can be carried along and smooth out the bed and banks.
Solution - erosion
When the water dissolves certain types of rocks e.g. limestone
Attrition
When rocks that the river is carrying knock against each other. They break apart to become smaller and more rounded
Lateral erosion
Sideways erosion by a river on the outside of a meander channel. It eventually leads to the widening of the valley and contributes to the formation of the flood plain.
Vertical erosion
Downward cutting action of a river that deepens its bed, often forming a V-shaped valley.
Transportation
Eroded material is moved from one place to another
Traction
The rolling of boulders and pebbles along the river bed.
Saltation
Small pebbles and stones are bounced along the river bed
Suspension
Lighter sediment is suspended (carried) within the water
Solution - transportation
The transport of dissolved chemicals
Deposition
River loses energy and drops sediment
natural hazard
natural event which interacts with people
tectonic hazard
movement of tectonic plates
atmospheric hazard
changes in weather conditions and pressure
geomorphological hazard
changes on the earths surface (landslides)
biological
involving living organisms(wildfires)
earthquake
vibrations of the earths lithosphere due to tension release processes
mercalli scale
subjective and measures the damage and is I - XII
richter
scientific and measures the magnitude, the scale is logarithmic so each stage is 10x worse than the last (1-10)
primary effects
effects that occur immediately as a direct result of the event
secondary effects
subsequent effects of the event but can be more devastating
immediate responses
responses undertaken immediately or in the hours and days after the event
long-term responses
responses undertaken in the weeks, months and even years after the event
Global Circulation model
cells of air redistributing heat around the earth so the poles dont get too cold and the equator doesnt get so hot
