Untitled Flashcards Set

Heparin

Used for DVT, PE, ACS; enhances antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin and Xa.

Side effects of Heparin

Bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

Warfarin

Used for AF, prosthetic valves; inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.

Side effects of Warfarin

Bleeding, teratogenic, requires INR monitoring.

Dabigatran

Direct thrombin inhibitor; used for stroke prevention in AF, DVT/PE.

Side effects of Dabigatran

Bleeding, GI upset. Reversed by Idarucizumab.

Rivaroxaban

Oral factor Xa inhibitor for AF, DVT/PE prophylaxis.

Side effects of Rivaroxaban

Bleeding, no routine monitoring needed.

Enoxaparin

Low molecular weight heparin for DVT prophylaxis.

Side effects of Enoxaparin

Bleeding, lower HIT risk than heparin.

Aspirin

Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 to prevent platelet aggregation.

Side effects of Aspirin

GI bleeding, ulcers, hypersensitivity.

Clopidogrel

ADP receptor blocker used post-stent, stroke prevention.

Side effects of Clopidogrel

Bleeding, GI upset.

Sodium Nitroprusside

Hypertensive emergencies, controlled hypotension.

Side effects of Sodium Nitroprusside

Hypotension, cyanide toxicity.

Beta-blockers

Rate control in AF, hypertension, post-MI.

Side effects of beta-blockers

Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm.

Hydralazine

Direct vasodilator for severe HTN (esp. pregnancy).

Side effects of Hydralazine

Reflex tachycardia, headache.

Clonidine

Resistant HTN, sedation.

Side effects of Clonidine

Sedation, rebound HTN.

Adrenaline

Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis; alpha + beta agonist.

Side effects of Adrenaline

Tachycardia, arrhythmias.

Noradrenaline

Alpha-1 agonist used for septic shock.

Side effects of Noradrenaline

Vasoconstriction, ischaemia.

Ephedrine

Mixed alpha/beta agonist for intraop hypotension.

Side effects of Ephedrine

Tachyphylaxis, hypertension.

Phenylephrine

Pure alpha-1 agonist for hypotension.

Side effects of Phenylephrine

Reflex bradycardia.

Dobutamine

Beta-1 agonist for cardiogenic shock.

Side effects of Dobutamine

Tachycardia, arrhythmias.

Dopamine

Dose-dependent agonist used in shock with bradycardia.

Side effects of Dopamine

Tachycardia, extravasation risk.

Metaraminol

Alpha agonist used for perioperative hypotension.

Side effects of Metaraminol

Hypertension, bradycardia.

Amiodarone

VT, VF, AF; K+ channel blocker.

Side effects of Amiodarone

Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid/liver issues.

Lignocaine

Ventricular arrhythmias; Na+ channel blocker.

Side effects of Lignocaine

CNS toxicity, hypotension.

Adenosine

SVT; slows AV node conduction.

Side effects of Adenosine

Flushing, transient asystole.

IV nitrates

ACS, hypertensive crisis, heart failure.

Side effects of IV nitrates

Hypotension, headache.

Sublingual GTN

Acute angina relief.

Side effects of sublingual GTN

Flushing, dizziness.

Atorvastatin/Simvastatin

Lower cholesterol, prevent cardiac events.

Side effects of statins

Myopathy, elevated LFTs.

Atropine

Bradycardia, reduce secretions.

Side effects of Atropine

Dry mouth, tachycardia.

Glycopyrrolate

Reversal of NM blockade, reduce secretions.

Side effects of Glycopyrrolate

Dry mouth, constipation.

Furosemide

Pulmonary oedema, heart failure.

Side effects of Furosemide

Hypokalaemia, ototoxicity.

Magnesium

Torsades de Pointes, eclampsia.

Side effects of Magnesium

Hypotension, bradycardia (high doses).

Digoxin

AF with HF; increases vagal tone.

Side effects of Digoxin

Toxicity: arrhythmias, visual changes.