Untitled Flashcards Set

What is Heparin used for? Used for DVT, PE, ACS; enhances antithrombin III to inhibit thrombin and Xa.

Side effects of Heparin? Bleeding, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT).

What is Warfarin used for? Used for AF, prosthetic valves; inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.

Side effects of Warfarin? Bleeding, teratogenic, requires INR monitoring.

What is Dabigatran? Direct thrombin inhibitor; used for stroke prevention in AF, DVT/PE.

Side effects of Dabigatran? Bleeding, GI upset. Reversed by Idarucizumab.

What is Rivaroxaban? Oral factor Xa inhibitor for AF, DVT/PE prophylaxis.

Side effects of Rivaroxaban? Bleeding, no routine monitoring needed.

What is Enoxaparin? Low molecular weight heparin for DVT prophylaxis.

Side effects of Enoxaparin? Bleeding, lower HIT risk than heparin.

How does Aspirin work? Irreversibly inhibits COX-1 to prevent platelet aggregation.

Side effects of Aspirin? GI bleeding, ulcers, hypersensitivity.

What is Clopidogrel used for? ADP receptor blocker used post-stent, stroke prevention.

Side effects of Clopidogrel? Bleeding, GI upset.

What is Sodium Nitroprusside used for? Hypertensive emergencies, controlled hypotension.

Side effects of Sodium Nitroprusside? Hypotension, cyanide toxicity.

What are beta-blockers used for? Rate control in AF, hypertension, post-MI.

Side effects of beta-blockers? Bradycardia, hypotension, bronchospasm.

What is Hydralazine? Direct vasodilator for severe HTN (esp. pregnancy).

Side effects of Hydralazine? Reflex tachycardia, headache.

What is Clonidine used for? Resistant HTN, sedation.

Side effects of Clonidine? Sedation, rebound HTN.

What is Adrenaline used for? Cardiac arrest, anaphylaxis; alpha + beta agonist.

Side effects of Adrenaline? Tachycardia, arrhythmias.

What is Noradrenaline? Alpha-1 agonist used for septic shock.

Side effects of Noradrenaline? Vasoconstriction, ischaemia.

What is Ephedrine? Mixed alpha/beta agonist for intraop hypotension.

Side effects of Ephedrine? Tachyphylaxis, hypertension.

What is Phenylephrine? Pure alpha-1 agonist for hypotension.

Side effects of Phenylephrine? Reflex bradycardia.

What is Dobutamine? Beta-1 agonist for cardiogenic shock.

Side effects of Dobutamine? Tachycardia, arrhythmias.

What is Dopamine? Dose-dependent agonist used in shock with bradycardia.

Side effects of Dopamine? Tachycardia, extravasation risk.

What is Metaraminol used for? Alpha agonist used for perioperative hypotension.

Side effects of Metaraminol? Hypertension, bradycardia.

What is Amiodarone used for? VT, VF, AF; K+ channel blocker.

Side effects of Amiodarone? Pulmonary fibrosis, thyroid/liver issues.

What is Lignocaine used for? Ventricular arrhythmias; Na+ channel blocker.

Side effects of Lignocaine? CNS toxicity, hypotension.

What is Adenosine used for?A: SVT; slows AV node conduction.

Side effects of Adenosine? Flushing, transient asystole.

What are IV nitrates used for? ACS, hypertensive crisis, heart failure.

Side effects of IV nitrates? Hypotension, headache.

What is sublingual GTN for? Acute angina relief.

Side effects of sublingual GTN? Flushing, dizziness.

What do Atorvastatin/Simvastatin do? Lower cholesterol, prevent cardiac events.

Side effects of statins? Myopathy, elevated LFTs.

What is Atropine used for? Bradycardia, reduce secretions.

Side effects of Atropine? Dry mouth, tachycardia.

What is Glycopyrrolate used for? Reversal of NM blockade, reduce secretions.

Side effects of Glycopyrrolate? Dry mouth, constipation.

What is Furosemide used for? Pulmonary oedema, heart failure.

Side effects of Furosemide? Hypokalaemia, ototoxicity.

What is Magnesium used for? Torsades de Pointes, eclampsia.

Side effects of Magnesium? Hypotension, bradycardia (high doses).

What is Digoxin used for? AF with HF; increases vagal tone.

Side effects of Digoxin? Toxicity: arrhythmias, visual changes.