Materials and their applications

What is a mechanical property?

It considers materials and how they react to an external force.

What are the 11 mechanical properties?

• Torsional

• Tensile

• Toughness

• Malleability

• Elasticity

• Compressive

• Bending

• Shear

• Hardness

• Plasticity

• Ductility

TTT ME CBSH PD

What is Compressive Strength?

The ability to withstand being crushed or a pushing force.

What is Tensile Strength?

The ability to resist stretching or pulling.

What is Bending Strength?

The ability to resist forces attempting to bend the material.

What is Shear Strength?

The ability to withstand forces that cause parts of it to slide parallel.

Example: Same motion as scissors. (Frictional)

What is Torsional Strength?

The ability to withstand twisting forces.

What is Hardness?

The ability to resist abrasive wear.

Example: Scratching, Indentation or Cutting.

What is Toughness?

The ability to absorb impact force without fracture

What is Plasticity?

The ability to be permanently deformed and retain.

What is Ductility?

The ability to be drawn out under tension without cracking.

What is Malleability?

The ability to withstand deformation via compression without cracking.

What is Elasticity?

The ability to be deformed and return to the original shape.

What is a Physical property?

Properties of a material regarding their actual structure.

What are the 4 physical properties?

• Magnetism

• Corrosive Resistancce

• Density

• Fusibility

MC. DF

What is Magnetism?

Natural forces attracting either Iron or Steel.

What is Corrosive Resistance?

The ability to withstand environmental attack or decay.

What is Density?

Density refers to the mass of the material within its own volume of space.

What is Fusibility?

The ability to be fused or converted from a solid to a liquid | molten state.

What are the 2 Electrical properties?

• Electrical Conductor

• Electrical Insulator

E|CI

What are the 3 Thermal Properties?

• Thermal Conductor

• Thermal Insulator

• Thermal Expansion

T|CIE

What are 3 Optical Properties?

• Opaque

• Translucent

• Transparent

What is Opaque?

Prevents light from travelling through. (Not see through)

What is Translucent?

Allows light through but diffuses it. (Slightly see through. More blurry then anything else)

What is Transparent?

Allows light through easily and clearly.

What is a conductor?

A conductor allows the heat or electricity to flow through the material.

What is an insulator?

An insulator is the opposite of a conductor and doesn’t allow heat or electricity to flow through the material.

What is Thermal Expansion?

In response to an increase in temperature, it also leads to an increase in volume.

What is a Ferrous Metal?

A Metal which contains Iron.

What is a Non-Ferrous Metal?

A metal which does NOT contain Iron.

What is an Alloy?

Similar to that of a composite being a material which is made up of two or more.

What are the 3 different types of wood?

• Hardwood

• Softwood

• Manufactured Board

What are the 4 different types of Polymer?

• Bio-Polymer

• Elastomer

• Thermoplastic

• Thermoforming

What is a Smart Material?

A material which is able to react to an input or the environment around it.

What is a Modern Material?

A material which is man-made and modern.

What is a composite?

similar to an alloy but not made particular out of metal is 2 or more things combined to make a composite.

What is the most important thing to do when testing?

Keep everything fair.

What are the 2 types of testing?

• Simple Workshop Test

• Industrial Test

What test is used to measure Toughness?

The Izod impact test.

What is used in order to test tension strength?

A Tensometer Machine

What are the 3 tests for Hardness?

• Rockwell — Diamond indenter

• Brinell — Standard Steel Ball indenter

• Vickers — Diamond Square-Based Pyramid indenter

RD | BS | VP

What does NDT stand for?

Non-Destructive Testing

How is Malleability and Ductility tested?

via Bending.

How is corrosion tested?

By simply placing materials in the environment and watching&waiting.

How is Electrical Conductivity tested?

Through use of a multimeter which if readings return a high resistance this means a low conductivity.

How is Thermal Conductivity tested?

Through the use of a thermometer and time.

One side featuring a flame with the material atop and the other side being where the material is tested for its temperature with the time taken to get to the target temp being the materials level of conductivity.

What differentiates all the different Hardness tests?

The Material or shape which is used as the indenter at the end of the swinger.

Which hardness test considers use of a Steel Ball?

Brinell.

BS

Which hardness test considers use of a diamond indenter?

Technically both Vickers and Rockwell however Vickers indenter follows a special shape while Rockwell does not.

BS | VP

Which hardness test considers use of a Square-based pyramid diamond indenter?

Vickers.

VP