History

Alice Paul

leader of the national women’s party; in 1923 she tried to get congress to pass the equal rights amendment

Equal Rights Amendment

proposed to eliminate all legal distinctions on account of gender, stemmed from the two sides of what woman’s freedom means: basis of motherhood or individual autonomy and the right to work

Prohibition

the national ban of alcohol, fueled by an anti german sentiment bc the largest alcohol manufacturers were of german descent

18th amendment

the banning of manufacture, sale, or transport of alcohol because it led to moral decline

schools and john t scopes

some protestants want the school curriculum to be on the basis of the bible, especially creation, and this guy who continued to teach evolution the science way, was sued by protestant parents, at first he was found guilty but the ACLU’s statement overturned the decision

ACLU

american civil liberty union, said that john t scores can teach whatever he wanted, including material not from the bible

Nativism and limits to immigration

this group believes that this group was responsible for moral decline, and this president said that america must be kept for americans, influenced the chinese exclusion act to be passed

National Origins Act

1924, this act placed a cap on the number of immigrants coming into the united states, would be capped at 2% of the population from 1890

KKK

their resurgence came from the movie birth of a nation, white supremacist group that targeted blacks, republican whites, catholics, jews, immigrants, and people that didn’t align with their views

Birth of a Nation

movie that came out in 1915 that glorified white protestant supremacy,

Anti semitism

animosity against jewish people, grew from leo frank, a jewish factory worker, and his story that he allegedly encountered a 13 year old girl and raped and killed her at night

harlem renaissance

conflict between tradition and modernity in politics and culture, defined a new self consciousness for african americans, most strongly felt in this black capital of the world, new art, music, “I am negro, and beautiful”

marcus garvey

landmark persona in the harlem renaissance, founded the Universal Negro Improvement Association and African Communities League (UNIA-ACL) in 1920s, believed that black people needed to be financially independent from white-dominated societies

the great depression

beforehand the economy was booming, but then on october 24 1929 black thursday occurred and the stock market crashed, marking the beginning of this time period, it exposed a vulnerability of the US economy and signified that big business were too big

hoover and the depression

united States stuck to the gold standard (bad idea) hoover thought economic opportunity was tied to individual character and didn’t aid the citizen (bad idea) he believed that voluntary associates needed to help their businesses due to the limited government but this only works when the economy is thriving, not during depression “tighten your belts”

reconstruction finance comission

gave loans to railroads and businesses to help rebuild the economy but was too weak of a policy and was implemented too late to do any damage

home loan bank system

established during hoover administration, 11 banks that stabilized the housing market during the depression

smoot-hawley act

raised imports on many international goods to help farmers in the depression, resulted in retaliatory tariffs from other countries

bonus army

a protest where world war 1 veterans marched on washington dc to demand early payment of their services because they were very poor but the gov had no money to pay them!!!!!!!

FDR

franklin Delano Roosevelt, master communicator (used fireside chats to tell citizens the news) and gave modern liberalism its shape, his opponents formed the American liberty league, democratic

new deal

FDR’s policy to help the United states out of the depression, a middle ground between Nazism and socialism and helped regulate capitalism

did the new deal advance a progressive agenda?

very progressive, all of the measures increased the governments power over the economy and helped the US get back on its feet

emergency banking act

provided money to strengthen banks about to fall from the depression

glass-steagall act

prevented commercial banks from buying and selling stocks, part of the new deal

FDIC

part of the new deal, insured the accounts of individual depositors, rescued the financial system

gold standard

the economy was based on how much gold a country had

national industrial recovery act

created a government business partnership to regulate the working industry (set wages, restricted working hours, fair competition codes)

federal emergency relief act

provided immediate relief for starving and unemployed in the US during the depression, gave grants to state and local governments and was part of the new deal

civillian conservation corps

a new deal relief program that helped the unemployment rates in the depression

public works administration

built roads and schools, which brought relief to citizens

agricultural adjustment act

authorized federal governments to set production quotas for majors crops and payed farmers to plant less in order to increase the price of crops

new deal and housing

depression ruined the housing industry but the new deal helped the government enter the housing market; was very different than previous government involvement in the housing market

new deal and labor

many workers began jobs in the 1930s in mass production and manufacturing

second new deal purpose and achievement

republicans in the supreme court invalidated some new law deals in 1935, this one had an emphasis on economic security, rather than recovery, would guarantee that Americans would be protected against unemployment and poverty

social security act

main aspect of the second new deal, provides economic safety blanket for retired people, did not apply for farmers or domestic workers, was the American version of the welfare state

FDR and liberty

expanded federal power with the new deal, provided economic security by strengthening the gov’s role in many aspects

FDR and the courts

FDR believed that members of the supreme court were too old to do their duties, wanted the president to appoint a new justice for each one above the age of 70

fair labor standards bill

banned child labor in manufactured goods production, set minimum wage and overtime wage (more than 40 hours per week)

limits of the new deal with women

eleanor Roosevelt, FDR’s wife was a big pusher for women’s rights, feminism was declining by the 1920s and people began to think that women shouldn’t enjoy social security because it was a male dominated society/workforce

limits of the new deal with native americans

john callier who headed indian affairs created the Indian reorganization act that would give natives more self governance if they assimilated more though

limits of the new deal with African americans

federal housing policies didnt include African Americans so they couldn't buy houses during the depression; many lived in ghettos

did not enjoy social security, bc many worked in agriculture (did not apply for social security)

legacy of the new deal

was a diatomic shift in the role of the federal government, created a large regulatory state, social security, and many agencies to help regulate many economies and zones

fascism

nativism

japans early aggression

mussolini

II Duce

fuhrer

hitler

mein kampf

rome-berlin axis

neutrality act

appeasement

munich conference

anschluss

blitzkrieg

four freedoms

lend-lease act

atlantic charter

pearl harbor

war powers act

NAACP and WWII

code talkers

a philip randolph

executive order 8802

double V campaign

fair employment practices commission

gunnar Myrdal and “the American dilemma”

zoot suit riots

executive order 9066

braccero program

korematsu vs US

d day

the Holocaust final solution

manhattan project