5. ADHD Symptoms & Diagnosis

How is ADHD (attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder) defined?

• Persistent inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity.

• Symptoms present in two or more settings.

• Symptoms must be present before age 12 (according to DSM V)

What are the three symptom domains of ADHD?

• Inattention

• Hyperactivity

• Impulsivity

What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in children?

• ≥6 symptoms of inattention and/or ≥6 symptoms of hyperactivity-impulsivity for 6 months

• Symptoms present before age 12

• Impairment in ≥2 settings

• Clinically significant impairment in social, academic, or occupational environments

• Symptoms not better explained by another mental disorder

What are the diagnostic criteria for ADHD in adults?

• ≥5 symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity

• Symptoms present for at least 6 months before assessment

What are common symptoms of inattention in ADHD?

• Careless mistakes, poor attention to detail

• Difficulty sustaining attention

• Doesn’t listen when spoken to

• Fails to follow through on instructions

• Trouble organizing tasks

• Avoids prolonged mental effort

• Often loses items

• Easily distracted

• Forgetful in daily activities

What are common symptoms of hyperactivity & impulsivity in ADHD?

• Fidgets, squirms in seat

• Leaves seat when expected to stay

• Runs/climbs inappropriately or feels restless

• Can’t play quietly

• Always "on the go" as if driven by a motor

• Talks excessively

• Blurts out answers

• Trouble waiting turn

• Interrupts or intrudes on others

What is the role of rating scales in ADHD assessment & what are they?

• Rating scales - structured questionnaires to assess symptom frequency/severity

• Used by parents, teachers & patients

• Help monitor symptoms & side effects over time

• Support clinical assessment during diagnosis & treatment

• Only one part of assessment

• Diagnosis must be based on full clinical & psychosocial evaluation, not rating scales alone

What is Hyperkinetic Disorder (HKD)?

a severe form of ADHD with all three symptom domains (combined type: inattention + hyperactivity/impulsivity).