SEDIMENTARY ROCKS

describe how loose sediment becomes a sedimentary rock by the processes of diagenesis and lithification

differentiate between the types of sedimentary rocks (clastic vs. chemical).

Name and describe the classification of clastic sedimentary rocks on the basis of texture and composition, as well as well as how to distinguish them from each other, including: − / the different grain sizes. − / the different types of coarse clastic sedimentary rocks (e.g. conglomerate, breccia, and diamictite) − / the different types of sandstones (e.g. quartz sandstone or quartz arenite, arkose, greywacke, and lithic sandstone) − / fine clastic sedimentary rocks

understand the importance of the grain or clast composition.

understand the importance of the clastic texture and how it can be used to interpret the deposition environment, including: • / angularity and sphericity • / sorting

Differentiate between chemical and biochemical sedimentary rocks.

Name and describe the classification of chemical sedimentary rocks on the basis of composition, as well as well as how to distinguish them from each other, including: − / Biochemical limestone (e.g. coral reefs, coquina, and chalk) − / Inorganic limestone (e.g. travertine and oolitic limestone) − / Dolostone − / inorganic or replacement chert varieties. − / Biochemical chert − / Evaporites and their mineral content.

distinguish between different organic sedimentary rocks based on the stages of coal formation (e.g. peat, lignite, Bituminous coal, and anthracite).