GROUND WATER CH1

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19 Terms

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groundwater

the water that is beneath Earth's surface

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water table

The part of the groundwater system which has pore space 100% filled with water.

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perched water table

A perched water table is water standing above an unsaturated zone.

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saturated zone

the area in an aquifer, below the water table, in which all pores, fractures, and cavities (including karst caves) are filled with water.

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unsaturated zone

the portion of the subsurface above the groundwater table

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permeability

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porosity

The ability for a fluid to travel between pores, or, how connected the pores are within a rock or sediment.

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artesian wells

A well which allows pressurized water to reach the surface.

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aquifer

A rock or sediment that has good permeability and porosity, and allows water to move easily, making it possible to get water for human use.

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aquitard

A layer with lower porosity and/or permeability which allows only minimal and/or slow fluid flow.

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recharge area

Area where water infiltrates into the ground and adds to the overall groundwater.

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karst topography

natural landscape that is largely the result of chemical weathering by water, resulting in caves, sinkholes, cliffs, and steep-sided hills called towers.

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limestone

a sedimentary rock consisting mainly of calcium that was deposited by the remains of marine animals

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sinkhole

A sinkhole is a depression in the ground that has no natural external surface drainage

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sinkhole lake

a closed natural depression in the ground surface caused by removal of material below the ground and either collapse or gradual subsidence of the surface into the resulting void.

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cave

a natural opening in the ground extending beyond the zone of light and large enough to permit the entry of man. Occurring in a wide variety of rock types and caused by widely differing geological proc- esses, caves range in size from single small rooms to intercorinecting passages many miles long.

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dripstone

A mineral deposit, such as a stalactite or a stalagmite, usually consisting of calcite, formed in caves from dripping water.

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stalactite

A stalactite is an icicle-shaped formation that hangs from the ceiling of a cave and is produced by precipitation of minerals from water dripping through the cave ceiling.

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stalagmite

A stalagmite is an upward-growing mound of mineral deposits that have precipitated from water dripping onto the floor of a cave.