is a planned operation carried out under the controlled condition
2
New cards
Outcome
Result of an experiment
3
New cards
Sample space
a set of all possible outcomes
4
New cards
Event
any combination of outcomes that are usually represented by the letters A and B.
5
New cards
Equally Likely
Each outcome of an experiment has the same probability.
6
New cards
Probability
the chance of the outcome of an event
7
New cards
“OR” Event
an outcome is in the event A OR B if the outcome is in A or is in B or is in both A and B.
8
New cards
"AND" Event
an outcome is in the event A AND B if the outcome is in both A and B at the same time.
9
New cards
Conditional probability
A given B is written P(A|B). P(A|B) is the probability that event A will occur given that event B has already occurred
10
New cards
Complement
A given B is written P(A|B’)
11
New cards
Independent
One event occurring does not affect the chance that the other event occurs.
12
New cards
Sampling with replacement
then events are considered to be independent, meaning the result of the first pick will not change the probabilities for the second pick.
13
New cards
Sampling without replacement
the probabilities for the second pick are affected by the result of the first pick. The events are considered to be dependent or not independent.
14
New cards
The events are independent if this is true
P(A|B) = P(A)
P(B|A) = P(B)
P(A AND B) = P(A)P(B)
15
New cards
Mutually exclusive
If events occur at the same time -\> P(A and B) \= 0
16
New cards
Multiplication Rule
If A and B are two events defined on a sample space, then
17
New cards
Addition Rule
If A and B are defined on a sample space, then
18
New cards
Contingency table
provides a way of portraying data that can facilitate calculating probabilities.
19
New cards
Tree diagrams
used to determine the outcomes of an experiment. It consists of "branches" that are labeled with either frequencies or probabilities.
20
New cards
Venn diagrams
a picture that represents the outcomes of an experiment. It generally consists of a box that represents the sample space S together with circles or ovals. The circles or ovals represent events.