DK Ching VD - Plumbing

plumbing

the system of pipes, valves, fixtures, and other apparatus of a water supply or sewage system

water supply

the supply of purified water to a community, usually including such facilities as reservoirs and pipelines for storing and distributing this water

cistern

a reservoir or tank for storing or holding water

aqueduct

a conduit or artificial channel for conducting water from a remote source

well

a hole drilled or bored into the earth to obtain water, petroleum, or natural gas

aquifer

a geological formation containing or conducting groundwater

artesian well

a well in which water rises under pressure from a permeable stratum overlaid by impermeable rock

drawdown

a lowering of the water surface level

reservoir

a natural or artificial place where water is collected and stored for use, esp. water for supplying a community, irrigating land, or furnishing power

raw water

water that requires treatment before it can be used for drinking

water treatment

the act or process of making water more potable or useful by purifying, clarifying, or softening

potable water

water fit for human consumption

water tower

a tower into which water is pumped to a height sufficient to maintain a desired pressure for distribution to customers, or for firefighting

water main

a main pipe or conduit through which a public or community water system conveys water to all service connections [A]

corporation stop

a valve controlling the flow of water or gas from a main to a service pipe [B]

curb cock

a control valve for shutting off the water supply to a building in case of an emergency, installed in a water service pipe and operated by means of a long key inserted through a curb box [D]

curb box

a vertical enclosure with a removable cover providing access to a curb cock; also called "Buffalo box" [E]

service pipe

a pipe connecting a building to a water or gas main, usually installed by or under the jurisdiction of a public utility [F]

shutoff valve

any valve for shutting off the flow of water or gas from a supply pipe [G]

water meter

a device for measuring and recording the quantity of water that passes through a pipe [H]

water system

a system of pipes, valves, and fixtures for distributing and using water in a building

branch

any member of a piping system other than a main, riser, or stack

riser

a vertical pipe, conduit, or duct in a utility system

main

a principal pipe, conduit, or duct in a utility system

expansion bend

an expantion joint of pipe and pipe fittings permitting thermal expansion to occur in a long run of hot-water piping

gravity water system

a water supply and distributing system in which the water source is set at height sufficient to maintain adequate supply pressure throughout the water distribution system

head

the pressure at the lower of two given points in a liquid, expressed in terms of the vertical distance between the points

pressure drop

a loss of head or fluid pressure between two points of a pipe or across a valve, due to hydraulic friction

fixture unit

a unit of measuring the probable demand for water by a plumbing fixture, or the probable discharge of liquid waste from the fixture, equivalent to 7 1/2 gallons or one cubic foot per minute

pneumatic water supply

a water supply system in which water is distributed from a water main or an enclosed storage tank under pressure from compressed air; also called "upfeed distribution system"

water softener

an apparatus that removes calcium and magnesium salts from hard water by ion exchange in order to give the water more efficient sudsing ability with soap

hard water

water containing dissolved salts of calcium or magnesium and forming soap lather with difficulty

water heater

an electric or gas appliance for heating water to a temperature between 120dF and 140dF (50dC and 60dC) and storing it for use

hose bibb

a threaded exterior faucet for attaching a garden hose, often attached to the side of a house at about the height of a sill; also called "hosecock", "sillcock"

faucet

a device for controlling the flow of a liquid from a pipe by opening or closing an orifice; also "spigot", "tap"

flow pressure

the fluid pressure in a supply pipe at a faucet or other outlet while the faucet or outlet is wide open and water is flowing, expressed in psi (N/sqm)

mixing faucet

a faucet having a single outlet for water from separately controlled hot-water and cold-water taps

aerator

a sievelike device for mixing air with the water flowing from the end of a spigot

anti-scald faucet

a faucet having a thermostatically controlled a valve for maintaining the desired water temperature regardless of pressure or flow

plumbing fixture

any of various receptacles for receiving water from a water system and discharging the liquid waster into a drainage system

sanitary ware

plumbing fixtures, such as sinks and toilet bowls, made of vitreous china, porcelain enamel, or enameled metal

ball cock

a device for regulating the supply of water in a flush tank by means of a hollow floating ball, which by its rise or fall shuts or opens a supply valve; also called "float valve"

wall-hung

designed to be attached to or hung from a wall

low-flow toilet

a flush toilet that uses no more than 1.6 gallons (6 liters) of water per flush (gpf)

high-efficiency toilet

a flush toilet that has a flush volume 20% below the 1.6 gpf maximum: 1.28 gpf (4.8 liters)

maximum performance score

a measure of the performance of a flush toilet in removing human waster with a single flush

water closet

a fixture consisting of a ceramic bowl with a detachable, hinged seat and lid and a device for flushing with water, used for defecation and urination

flushometer valve

a valve that supplies a fixed quantity of water to fixtures for flushing purposes when actuated by direct water pressure

siphon-jet

a toilet bowl in which the flushing water enters through the rim and siphonic action initiated by a water jet draws the contents of the bowl through the trapway [A]

reverse-trap

a toilet bowl similar to the siphon-jet, but having a smaller water surface and trapway [B]

siphon-vortex

a toilet bowl similar to the siphon-jet, but having the flushing water directed through the rim to create a vortex that scours the bowl [C]

wash-down

a toilet bowl having a simple washout action and emptying through a small, irregular passage [D]

bidet

a basinlike fixture designed to be straddled for bathing the genitals and posterior parts of the body

urinal

a flushable fixture used by men for urinating

waterless urinal

a urinal that employs a liquid sealant that floats on top of the liquid collected in a trap, through which draining liquid can pass while preventing odors from escaping the drain

toilet partition

a panel forming an enclosure around a water closet for privacy in a public lavatory

bathtub

an oblong tub to bathe in, esp. one that is a permanent fixture in a bathroom

shower

a bath in which water is sprayed on the body from an overhead nozzle or showerhead

grab bar

a bar attached to a wall near a bathtub or shower to provide a hand grip for a person who is bathing

receptor

the shallow base pan of a stall shower

lavatory

a bowl or basin with running water for washing the face and hands

sink

a basin, as in a kitchen or laundry, connected with a water supply and drainage system for washing

disposal

an electrical device in the drain of a sink, for grinding food wastes to be washed down the drain

laundry tray

a deep sink for washing clothes

service sink

a deep sink used in janitorial work

water hammer

the concussion and banging noise that results when a volume of water moving in a pipe suddenly stops or loses momentum

air chamber

a compartment in a water system containing air that elastically compresses and expands to equalize the pressure and flow of water in the system; also called "air cushion" [F]

overflow

an outlet, pipe, or receptacle for excess liquid

backflow

a flow of a liquid opposite to the usual or desired direction

back-siphonage

a backflow of used or contaminated water from a plumbing fixture into a pipe supplying potable water due to negative pressure in the pipe

backwater valve

a valve for preventing flowing liquid, such as sewage, from reversing its direction

flow rate

the rate of discharge from a plumbing fixture, equal to the total number of gallons discharged per minute divided by 7.5 and expressed in fixture units [E]

backsplash

a vertical plane of waterproof material attached to the wall behind a countertop or stovetop to protect against splashed liquids [A]

air gap

the clear vertical distance between the spout of a faucet or other outlet of a supply pipe and the flood level of a receptacle [B]

flood level

the level at which water would overflow the rim of a plumbing fixture [B]

trap

a U- or S-shaped section of drainpipe in which liquid remains and forms a seal for preventing the passage of sewer gas without affecting the normal flow of waste water or sewage through it [D]

drum trap

a cylindrical trap closed on the bottom and having a cover plate for access, usually installed on the drain line from a bathtub

pipe

a hollow cylinder of metal or plastic used for the conveyance of water, steam, gas, or other fluid material

pipe fitting

a standard part, such as an elbow, union, or tee, for connecting two or more pipes

elbow

a pipe fitting having an angled, usually 90d bend

drop elbow

an elbow having lugs for attachment to a wall or joist

sweep fitting

a pipe fitting having a large radius of curvature

return bend

a 180d bend in a pipe

tee

a T-shaped pipe fiting for making a three-way joint

drop tee

a tee having lugs for attachment to a wall or joist

sanitary tee

a tee having a slight curve in the 90d transition to channel the flow from a branch pipe in the direction of the main

wye

a Y-shaped pipe fitting for joining a branch pipe with a main, usually at a 45d angle

cross

a pipe fitting for making a four-way connection

sanitary cross

a cross having a slight curve in each of the 90d transitions to channel the flow from branch pipes in the direction of the main

crossover

a U-shaped pipe for bypassing another pipe

nipple

a short length of pipe with threads on each end, used for joining couplings or other pipe fittings

coupling

a short length of pipe having each end threaded on the inside, used for joining two pipes of the same diameter

male

made to fit into a corresponding open or recessed part

female

having a recessed part into which a corresponding part fits

increaser

a coupling increasing in diameter at one end

reducer

a coupling decreasing in diameter at one end

union

a coupling device for connecting two pipes, neither of which can be turned, consisting of two internally threaded end pieces that are tightened around the pipe ends to be joined, and an externally threaded center piece, which draws the two end pieces together as it is rotated

plug

an externally threaded fitting for closing the end of a pipe

cap

an internally threaded fitting for enclosing the end of a pipe

plumbing wall

a wall or partition containing vertical space for a plumbing stack; also called "stack partition"