Music History Test 3

characteristics of Renaissance music

words and muisc: text painting or text depiction; grammar/structure effected music directly
texture: polyphonic (through imitation) or homorhythmic

Petrucci

developed polyphonic music printing

music printing

Harmonice Musices Odhecaton- the first book polyphonic music to be printed

english music

spread to France; constant battle became to influence France with music

Contenance angloise

"English Quality"; more chordal sounding

Carol

kind of song that was in strophic with refrain form

John Dunstable

developed technique of paraphrase

Binchois

from Burgundy; composed secular chanson

Guillaume DuFay

singer/composer/church official; degree in Cannon Law; spent most of career in Italy

Isorhythmic Motet (DuFay)

Nuper Rosarum Flores; lower 2 voices are isorhythmic

Fauxbourdon

when you take a chant melody and add harmony a 3rd below and. 4th above. (sounds like a series of inverted triads)

Alternatim performance

when you alternate voices; plain chant in one verse, polyphonic chant in the next verse

Types of Mass Cycles

Plainsong Mass- Oldest cycle; each movement uses as its base a corresponding chant (base your kyrie on Kyrie chant)

motto mass/head motive

Each movement begins with same musical idea

Cantus Firmus/Tenor

Each movement constructed around same melody placed in Tenor voice
Cantus Firmus- when you take a preexisting melody that is used as a base

Parody Mass

Take a chunk of all the voices of a preexisting polyphonic work and make that the base of your mass

Paraphrase Mass

paraphrase a chant melody and use it as the base for your mass

Jean de Ockeghem

international famous composer; studied with DuFay and possibly Binchois; most famous for job at the French Royal Chapel; skilled at using intellectual devices such as canon

Canon/Mensuration canon

Canon- rule or instruction for realizing several parts out of one that is noted
Mensuration canon- when you have a melody but you give it 2 or more different mensuration signs (Missa Prolationum ((most famous composition)))

Heinrich Isaac

Internationally famous during his lifetime; worked for Lorenzo d'Medici

Choralis Constantinus

contains (hundreds) motets settings of the proper text of the mass for the whole church year

Josquin des Prez characteristics

structure of music is always related to the text; primary technique is imitation; extensive use of text depiction and borrowed material

text depiction

reflecting images of the text in the music

Josquin des Prez Motet

Ave Maria ... virgo serena

Josquin Prez Masses

Missa Pange lingua

Martin Luther

Drew up a list of 95 topics to debate that he thought were wrong with the Catholic church (caused a split in the church); created his own church (reformation church); believed music was a gift from God and doctrine of ethos

Chorale and Sources

Most significant contribution of the reformation to music was the development of the chorale.
Chorale: strophic hymn with a text and melody sung in unison.
Created from 4 sources: adaptations of Gregorian chant, german devotional songs, contrafactum, and chorales newly composed in style of popular songs (bar form)

Contrafactum

secular songs, such as folk songs, were adapted by giving them new texts

Styles of Chorale Settings

tenorlied style: melody in tenor with the other voices in counterpoint
Cantional style: melody in the soprano
Chorale motet: use a paraphrased chorale melody as the basis for your motet

Metrical Psalms

translate into french, turn it into metrical poetry, sung by congregation, unaccompanied

Psalter

books of metrical psalms that people could sing out of

Great Service

Elaborate polyphony; contrapuntal and melismatic music; written for large settings and groups

Short Service

Homorhythmic and syllabic music; Simpler and easier to sing

Verse Anthem

Anthem with verse for soloists, choir, and sometimes instrumental ensembles

Full Anthem

anthem for unaccompanied choir

G.P da Palestrina Characteristics

long-breathed, easily singable melodies that move by steps or easy leaps; consonant sonorities w/ carefully controlled dissonance; equality of parts; use of familiar style, syllabic text setting, use of subsets of the total # of voices; subtle rhythmic variety based on textual accentuation

T.L de Victoria

same characteristics as Palestrina, only difference is he used more chromatic harmonies; "went outside the mode more than Palestrina"; Parody Mass- Missa O Magnum Mysterium

Orlando di Lasso

Most famous for composing over 700 sacred and secular motets; Characteristics- Text depiction was his most outstanding one, also known for expressive and tasteful music

Franco-Flemish School

Characteristics- equality of voices, prevailing texture is imitative polyphony w/ overlapping cadences, careful dissonance treatment, most in duple meter, and # of values went 4/5/6

Counter Reformation

efforts to address the problems addressed by Martin Luther

Council of Trent

meeting of church leaders, discussed everything regarding the church including music

Music (Council of Trent)

Abolished all but 4 sequences: Dies Irae, Abolishes secular/ profane influences, overall effect: confirmation of FF style/polyphony