Characteristics of Microbes

All Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes:

grow, reproduce, react to environmental stimuli, have metabolism and cellular structures

Viruses DO NOT:

grow, reproduce outside of host cell, respond to environment outside of host cell (some), have their own metabolism outside of host cell, have cellular structures

Viruses

molecules of DNA or RNA; never both, that can only replicate in the living cells of organisms

Eukaryote ribosomes

40s + 60s = complete 80s ribosome

Bacterial ribosomes

30s + 50s = complete 70s ribosome

Glycocalyx

sugar coat of prokaryotic cell wall; made of polysaccharides, polypeptides, or both

sugar coats:

prevent phagocytosis, help adherence, prevent dehydration, can be used as energy source

the two types of glycocalyx are:

capsule and slime layer

Capsulated strains of bacteria ________________

increase pathogenicity

Chemotaxis

bacteria moves towards or away from chemicals

phototaxis

bacteria moves towards or away from light

Monotrichous

single flagellum at one pole

Amphitrichous

single flagellum at each end

Lophotrichous

2 or more flagellum at one end

Pertrichous

flagella all over the entire cell

Axial Filament/ Endoflagellum

bundle of flagella that wraps around spirochette bacteria

Fimbria

short bristle like proteins projecting from the cell; enable the cell to adhere to other cells/surfaces

Pili

attaches to other cells to pass DNA from one bacterial cell to another

plasmids

contains extra pieces of DNA independent of main chromosome