Sensory Disorders Lecture Notes

Flashcards covering key vocabulary terms and definitions related to sensory disorders, glaucoma, cataracts, and related conditions.

Glaucoma

A group of ocular conditions characterized by optic nerve damage related to increased intraocular pressure (IOP) due to congestion of aqueous humor.

Acute (Closed Angle) Glaucoma

An increased IOP due to obstruction in aqueous humor outflow, often associated with severe pain and tunnel vision.

Chronic (Open Angle) Glaucoma

Degenerative changes in trabecular meshwork leading to gradual increase in IOP, usually asymptomatic until advanced.

Tonometry

A test to measure the intraocular pressure (normal range: 10 – 21 mmHg).

Ophthalmoscope

An instrument used to inspect the optic nerve, assessing for pallor or cupping.

Gonioscopy

An examination that inspects the filtration angle of the anterior chamber to differentiate between open and closed-angle glaucoma.

Cholinergics or Miotics

Medications like pilocarpine that increase aqueous fluid outflow by contracting the ciliary muscle.

Prostaglandin Analogs

Medications such as latanoprost that increase uveoscleral outflow.

Laser Iridectomy

A surgical procedure to eliminate pupillary block in closed-angle glaucoma.

Cataract

Lens opacity or cloudiness, often leading to blurry vision.

Phacoemulsification

An extracapsular surgery method using ultrasonic device to liquefy the lens nucleus.

Serous Otitis Media

Fluid accumulation in the middle ear without infection, leading to conductive hearing loss.

Conductive Hearing Loss

Hearing loss due to interruption of sound transmission through the outer or middle ear.

Auditory Rehabilitation

Therapies aimed at improving hearing, including the use of hearing aids and communication strategies.

Meniere’s Disease

A disorder of the inner ear characterized by episodes of vertigo, tinnitus, and fluctuating hearing loss.

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)

A type of vertigo caused by changes in head position, resulting from debris in the inner ear.

Scleral Buckle

A surgical technique used to reattach the retina by bringing the layers of the retina into contact with each other.

Tympanoplasty

Surgical reconstruction of the tympanic membrane, often performed in cases of otitis media.