psych 405

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Positive psychology is a movement that emphasizes:

a. social acceptance of people with mental health issues
b. the cultivation of positive feelings and traits
c. the cultivation of a spiritual outlook on life
d. evidence-based treatment methods

b.

The work Dorothea Dix led to the establishment of many \_____ around the United States.

a. psychiatric surgery center
b. asylums
c. state hospitals
d. clinical practices

c.

A federal court ruled that if an insurance provider only overs treatment to stabilize a mental health patient, and not to address the underlying condition, this is:

a. an example of parity.
b. unconstitutional.
c. discrimination.
d. legal.

c.

One of the most prominent forerunners to the modern community mental health program was located in:

a. Belgium.
B. Germany.
C. Spain.
D. England.

a.

The treatment mechanism associated with having a person sit in a dark room and then touching a troubled area of a patient's body with a special rod was:

a. trephination
b. exorcism
c. mesmerism
d. hyptotism

c.

In the Middle Ages of Europe, people who suffered the bite of a wolf spider believed that the only way to rid themselves of the resulting symptoms was to do a dance called a:

a. purificado
c. chastenette
c. tarantella
d. sanctifica

c.

The term eugenics refers to:

a. a public policy of providing free medication to those persons who suffer from mental illness
b. a political policy of preventing those persons who suffer from mental illness from reproducing
c. a private policy of linking mental illness to religion for the purpose of promoting a different religion
d. the practice of diagnosing all patients with the same illness, regardless of symptoms, so that insurance companies will provide payment for services

b.

Which term was the earliest used to describe those persons whom we now refer to as mentally ill?

a. crazy
b. unbalanced
c. madness
d. unstable

d.

Hippocrates believed that abnormal behavior was caused by:

a. evil spirits
b. blood clots
c. a lack of sun exposure
d. imbalance in bodily fluids

d.

Dexter is so afraid of open spaces that he cannot leave his house to go to work. This represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called:

a. deviance
b. distress
c. dysfunction
d. danger

c.

A research procedure in which a variable is manipulated and the manipulation's effect on another variable is observed is know as a:

a. experiment
b. epidemiological study
c. case study
d. longitudinal study

a.

Both participants and the experimenter in a study are prevented from knowing who is in which experimental (or control) group. This is termed a \_____ study.

a. dually unaware
b. deprivation
c. double-masked
d. reciprocally shielded

c.

In the first half of the twentieth century, a technique called a lobotomy was used to treat:

a. schizophrenia
b. severe insomnia
c. sexual disorders
d. alcohol addiction

a.

If a research subject is given drugs designed to intensity her symptoms, she is participating in a \_____ study.

a. symptom exacerbation
b. placebo
c. new drug
d. quasi-correlational

a.

Alyssa was isolated from human contact and language by her (badly disturbed) parents for most of the 13 years of her life. The effects of her early language deprivation could easily be seen and studied. This is an example of a \_____ experiment.

a. analogue
b. natural
c. longitudinal
d. epidemiological

b.

Most informed consent forms for clinical research are written at a \_____ level.

a. advanced college
b. high school
c. elementary school
d. advanced high school

a.

Which statistic represents the greatest magnitude of correlation?

a. +.80
b. -.95
c. +.10
d. +.90

b.

Which study design allows for statistical analysis of the data and provides internal validity?

a. the epidemiological study
b. the case study
c. the correlational method
d. the experimental method

d.

Clinical researchers look for \_____ truths about the causes and treatments of abnormality.

a. nomothetic
b. deistic
c. universal
d. idiographic

a.

Studies that reveal the incidences and prevalence of a disorder in a particular population are known as \_____ studies.

a. ABAB
b. high-risk
c. epidemiological
d. case

c.

According to ancient views of abnormality, if a standard exorcism failed to rid a person of abnormal behavior, which step would be taken?

a. The shaman would perform a more extreme exorcism, such as whipping or starving the person
b. The person would be burned alive because he or she was not believed to be "beyond saving"
c. The person would be cast out of the society with no means for survival
d. The person would be accepted by society as being a marked child of "God," and the abnormal behavior would be celebrated

a.

Someone who views the chief causes of abnormal functioning as psychological is said to have a \_____ perspective.

a. moral
b. somatogenic
c. psychogenic
d. positve

c.

Which is NOT one of the essential elements of therapy, according to Jerome Frank?

a. a sufferer who seeks relief
b. a trained socially accepted healer
c. a series of contacts between healer and suffered
d. a physical setting in which the treatment takes place

d.

Which French physician was associated with the asylum reform at La Bicitre?

a. Jean Esquirol
b. Philippe Pinel
c. William Tuke
d. Johann Weyer

b.

Fallon is so anxious that the anxiety itself causes her to suffer. Fallon's situation represents the aspect of the definition of abnormality called:

a. deviance
b. distress
c. dysfunction
d. danger

b.

Today, the dominant form of insurance coverage for mental health patients is:

a. medicare
c
b. managed care
c. private insurance
d. social security

b.

Which is NOT one of the four Ds of abnormality?

a. deviance
b. danger
c. dread
d. dysfunction

c.

Ramon tries not to do bad things (he feels guilty when he does) and wants to live up to his parents' expectations. According to psychoanalytic theory, he has a well-developed:

a. id
b. superconscience
c. superego
d. ego

c.

The tiny space between the nerve ending of one neuron and the dendrite of the other is the:

a. receptor
b. nucleus
c. synapse
d. transmitter

c.

Which model of abnormality rests on the deterministic assumption that no symptom or behavior is "accidental" and that all behavior is determined by past experiences?

a. psychodynamic model
b. cognitive model
c. sociocultural model
d. feminist model

a.

According to psychodynamic theorists, when people behave with their therapist the way the interact with their parents, they are demonstrating:

a. resistance
b. catharsis
c. transference
d. fixation

c.

Which type of prevention seeks to provide effective treatment as soon as it is needed so that moderate or severe disorders do not become long-term problems?

a. primary prevention
b. secondary prevention
c. tertiary prevention
d. primordial prevention

c.

Huntington's disease has been linked in part to a loss of cells in the cortex and the:

a. hippocampus
b. basal ganglia
c. hypothalamus
d. forebrain

b.

The fear response is often cited as an example of behaviors that have survived over the course of time. This explanation reflects the beliefs of \_____ theorists.

a. psychodynamic
b. evolutionary
c. family-social
d. existentialist

b.

Behavior-focuses therapists base their explanations and treatments of mental abnormality on principles of:

a. relationships
b. ego development
c. dream analysis
d. learning

d.

According to \_____ , human beings are driven to self-actualize, or to fulfill their natural potential for good and growth.

a. humanists
b. existentialists
c. gestalt theory
d. socioevolutionaries

a.

Five-year-old Ellis develops a fear of sand because he was once stung by a wasp while playing in the sandbox. This demonstrates the principle of:

a. operant conditioning
b. modeling
c. classical conditioning
d. transference learning

c.

Which conditions is NOT a factor that places significant stress of individuals in minority groups?

a. living in an area with a higher crime rate
b. higher rates of unemployment
c. homelessness
d. increased educational opportunities

d.

The perspective that focuses on when, how, in what context, and to what degree the multiple factors in a person's life interact with one another is called:

a. developmental psychopathology
b. developmental pathology
c. life span development
d. self-actualization theory

a.

When a person describes a dream to another person, he or is is MOST likely describing the \_____ content.

a. manifest
b. relational
c. latent
d. fixated

a.

"People have two options with their lives: to face up to our own 'being' and to give meanings to our lives or to shrink and hide from that responsibility." Which type of theorist would MOST likely say this?

a. humanistic
b. existentialist
c. family-social
d. self

b.

Which assumption does a family therapist make?

a. parents are usually the root cause of psychological disorders
b. the "family" consists of only individuals living in the same dwelling
c. the family as a unit is viewed as the "patient" and the focus of treatment
d. unconscious thoughts and desires drive the family's communication style

c.

In treating a person with social anxiety, the therapist challenges that person's reported fears about being out in public and simultaneously works to reduce avoidance behaviors. This therapist is practicing \_____ therapy.

a. biological
b. humanistic
c. psychodynamic
d. cognitive-behavioral

d.

Which description BEST describes exposure therapy?

a. a client directly confronts the situation that causes dread and remains in the situation until the fear subsides
b. during role play with the therapist, the therapist models positive behavior during stressful events
c. the therapist intentionally frustrates the patient by exposing errors in logic and contradictions in reasoning
d. the patient is exposed to electrical current via an electromagnetic coil placed on or above the head

a.

Which contemporary psychodynamic approach holds that therapists are key figures in the lives of patients-figures whose reactions and beliefs should be included in the therapy?

a. gestalt psychodynamic therapy
b. short-term psychodynamic therapy
c. object relations therapy
d. relational psychoanalytic therapy

d.

"People are motivated mainly by a need to have relationships with others. Severe problems in the relationships between children and their caregivers may lead to abnormal development." This statement BEST reflects the beliefs of which type of theorist?

a. ego
b. self
c. behavioral
d. object realtions

d.

Two-year-old Dylan watches a cooking show on television and then goes into the kitchen to "bake a cake." This is an example of:

a. operant conditioning
b. modeling
c. classical conditioning
d. transference learning

b.

According to Freud, \_____ is a condition in which the id, ego, and superego do not mature properly and are frozen at an early stage of development.

a. fixation
b. overcompensation
c. sublimation
d. displacement

a.

A child is praised for his use of polite phrases such as "please" and "thank you." As an adult the person regularly uses these phrases. This is an example of:

a. self-actualization
b. operant conditioning
c. systematic desensitization
d. unconditional positive regard

b.

According to Freud, the id operates in accordance with the \_____ principle.

a. morality
b. reality
c. pleasure
d. constriction

c.

A cluster of symptoms that usually occur together is known as a:

a. syndrome
b. classification system
c. diagnosis
d. prognosis

a.

A \_____ assessment would be used to asses unconscious drives and conflicts that may be at the root of abnormal functioning.

a. observational
b. projective
c. standardized
c. brain imaging

b.

A clinician asks a client to review black-and-white pictures of individuals in different vague scenarios and then tell a dramatic story to go along with each image. This client is taking the:

a. tell-me-a-story test
b. thematic apperception test
c. sentence-completion test
d. rorschach test

b.

One advantage of using a structured interview format is that it allows the clinician to:

a. compare clients' responses
b. build rapport with the client
c. explore areas of interest to the client
d. provide immediate feedback to the client

a.

Which statement about DSM-5 is TRUE?

a. DSM-5 includes both diagnostic criteria for both psychological and medical disorders
b. A new edition is released every two years
c. DSM-5 is the definitive diagnostic guide used worldwide
d. DSM-5 is an ongoing work in progress

d.

Which tool should a clinician who wants to collect psychophysiological data about a client use?

a. MMPI-2
b. responsive inventory
c. EEG
d. polygraph

d.

The \_____ movement has tried to identify a set of common strategies that are present in the work of all effective therapists, regardless of the clinician's particular orientation.

a. ecumenical
b. uniformity
c. rapprochement
d. naturalistic

c.

The validity of clinical observations may be limited by a client's \_____ , which means that the client's behavior may be affected by the very presence of an observer.

a. drift
b. projections
c. reactivity
d. self-monitoring

c.

The test MOST likely to have interrater reliability is the one that includes:

a. open-ended questions
b. multiple-choice questions
c. structured questions
d. face-to face questioning

b.

A \_____ study may be used to determine how and when patients can be taken off particular medications.

a. symptom-exacerbation
b. masked
c. medication-withdrawal
d. placedo

c.

When the findings of research can be generalized to people beyond the immediate study, the investigation is said to have:

a. internal validity
b. interrater reliability
c. test-retest reliability
d. external validity

d.

A correlation coefficient is symbolized by the letter:

a. p
b. r
c. q
d. s

b.

If a study concludes that the less coffee you drink, the less anxiety you experience, the researchers MOST likely used:

a. experimental method
b. a case study
c. a focus group
d. the correlational method

d.

Animal rights surveys suggest that people tend to approve of experiments that use:

a. cats and dogs
b. rats and mice
c. guinea pigs
d. monkeys

b.

If there is less than a 5 percent probability that a study's findings are due to chance, the findings are said to be:

a. statistically accurate
b. statistically significant
c. statistically insignificant
d. statistically questionable

b.

If a researcher did a study of anxiety and used cats for subjects instead of people, she would likely be doing a \_____ study.

a. single-subject
b. matches
c. epidemiological
d. analogue

d.

Which statement describes the BIGGEST limitation of correlational research?

a. it does not allow conclusions about cause-and-effect relationships
b. its results can be applied to only one subject at a time
c. relationships between variables are inconsistent, so findings cannot be applied to the real world
d. the manipulation of a correlational variable requires an ABAB design, which is not always practical

a.

Scott was doing a study on anxiety. Members of one group were asked to estimate how many years each had to live. Members of the other group were asked to estimate how many months until their next vacation. Scott then gave each of his participants a test that measured anxiety and scored them. The score on this test is an example of a:

a. independent varialbe
b. confound
c. masked variable
d. dependent varialbe

d.

In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as:

paradigms

Gestalt therapy was developed by:

a. Carl Rogers
b. Sigmund Freud
c. Albert Bandura
d. Frederick (Fritz) Peris

d.

A young child receives affection when she earns good grades on her school assignments. However, when she received poor grades, her mother berates her and tells her that she is "no good" and "stupid." This child will MOST likely develop:

a. transference
b. conditions of worth
c. self-actualization
d. phobias

b.

Humanists and existentialists both believe that psychological dysfunction results from:

a. self-deception
b. "broken" families
c. lack of spirituality
d. an internal locus of control

a.

Depression has been linked to low activity of the neurotransmitters \_____ and \_____ .

a. dopamine; endorphin
b. GABA; histamine
c. serotonin; norepinephrine
d. glycine; glutamate

c.

One of the main differences between group therapy and a self-help group is the presence in group therapy of:

a. more than one person
b. more than one therapist
c. a professional therapist
d. people who are related by marriage or other familial connection

c.

When an unusual problem does not occur often enough to permit a large numer of observations, it might be studies using a:

a. exacerbation study
b. experimental study
c. case study
d. correlational study

c.

According to research (Weeks, 2015) conducted on eccentric people, which statement is TRUE?

a. they have fewer emotional problems than the general population
b. they know they are different and usually wish to be more like others around them
c. they visit their physicians, on average, once every three months
d. most are unhappy, malcontented individuals who feel that life treats them very badly

a.

Tall people tend to have larger feet than do short people. This statement indicates a \_____ correlation between foot size and height.

a. neutral
b. unrelated
c. negative
d. positive

d.

Who was referred to as the "Prince of Physicians" and continued to take a scientific approach to treating mental disorders even as Europe focused on demonology in the dark ages?

a. avicenna
b. galen
c. chung ching
d. descartes

a.

Natural experiments are considered quasi-experiments because:

a. there is no control group
b. these studies have low external validity
c. participants are not aware that they are under study
d. participants are selected by accident rather than based on the researcher's design

d.

Which statement is TRUE about the term nervous breakdown?

a. it is a statistically valid clinical syndrome
b. it is not a recognized clinical term but it is used by laypersons
c. although not an official diagnosis, it is a commonly used medical term
d. it was an official clinical syndrome in early versions of the DSM bit is not included in the current edition

b.

Insurance parity laws are concerned with:

a. government payment for mental health care
b. licensing health care providers
c. providing equal coverage for mental and medical problems
d. providing malpractice insurance for clinical mental health practitioners

c.

Which terms BEST completes this statement: Judgements of abnormality depend on \_____ as well as on cultural norms.

a. geography
b. specific circumstances
c. politics
d. our health care system

b.

For the first half of the twentieth century, the cause of schizophrenia was thought to be:

a. brain chemicals
b. poverty
c. inappropriate parenting
d. genetic inheritance

c.

If a clinician begins by asking, "Would you tell me about yourself?", the clinician is MOST likely conducting a:

a. mental status exam
b. personality test
c. structured interview
d. unstructured interview

d.

According to the psychodynamic model, someone who refuses to fully participate in therapy is said to be demonstrating:

a. repression
b. regression
c. resistance
d. reaction formation

c.

DSM-5 is the first edition of the DSM that requires clinicians to provide:

a. both categorical information and dimensional information
b. only categorical information
c. only dimensional information
d. neither categorical information nor dimensional information

a.

When a child yells and threatens others, he or she is placed in a time-out, away from the group. During the time-out, no one interacts with the child. The child learns to interact with other without yelling. This is an example of behavior modification using:

a. modeling
b. exposure therapy
c. operant conditioning
d. classical conditioning

c.

When a researcher unintentionally transmits his or her expectations about the outcome of the research to a research subject, it is termed:

a. the rosenthal effect
b. selection bias
c. a double-masked study
d. incidence

a.

Internal validity reflects how well a study:

a. rules out the effects of all variables except those being studies
b. can be generalized to others that are not studied directly
c. appears to be measuring what it is designed to measure
d. predicts some future behavior

a.

College students who drink so much that it interferes with their lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as engaging in abnormal behavior because:

a. the behavior is not illegal
b. they are just considered eccentric
c. they don't harm anyone but themselves
d. drinking is considered part of college culture

d.

To compare a subject with himself or herself under different conditions rather than compare that subject to control subjects, one might choose a \_____ design.

a. analogue
b. case study
c. correlational
d. ABAB

d.

A person wonders, "How likely am I to qualify for a DSM diagnosis in my lifetime?" Assuming this person is "typical," the MOST accurate answer (based on survey results) would be:

a. "Unlikely; only approximately 10 percent of all individuals will ever qualify for a DSM diagnosis."
b. "Somewhat unlikely; approximately 20 percent of all people will at some point qualify for a DSM diagnosis."
c. "Pretty likely; approximately one-third of all people will at some point qualify for a DSM diagnosis."
d. "Likely; almost half of all people will at some point qualify for a DSM diagnosis."

d.

When we search for nomethetic understanding we are attempting to

identify general causes and process that cause psychopatholoy

A recently published study found that Chine schoolchildren reported higher levels of depression the more "phubbing" they experienced from their parents. Can we conclude that the parental phubbing caused these children to become depressed?

No, because correlation is not causation

A research study manipulated the number of Instagram posts that male and female participants received over a one-week period and found that both men and women who received a high number of posts reported more unhappiness than participants who received a low number of posts. What is the independent variable in this study?

number of Instagram posts

Dr. Diaz wants to study whether cognitive-behavioral therapy is effective in reducing anxiety symptoms relative to no therapy. What is the independent variable?

type of therapy

Which of the following designs is least likely to have high external validity?

case study

The heritability of anxiety refers to:

the proportion of varibality within a population that is attributable to genes

What technique is used for reducing the effects of preexisting differences?

random assignment

Madeline administers an electric shock to professor henry everytime he says "umm" or "ahh." This results in Dr. Henry using fewer verbal pauses while he lectures and is and example of:

positive punishment