IMSE 311: Antigens & MHC

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21 Terms

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Antigen

Substance that is specifically recognized by adaptive immune system

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Immunogen

Substance capable of causing an adaptive/immune response

  • at least 10 kDA to be recognized by immune system

  • 100 kDA: effective/potent immunogen

  • Effectiveness: most to least

    • Proteins > Carbohydrates > Nucleic Acids > Lipids

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Immunogenicity

Ability of an antigen to stimulate a host response and is influenced by:

  • Age

  • Dose and Route of Exposure

  • Health status

  • Genetics

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Epitopes

Antigenic determinant

  • B-cell recognition: precise molecular shapes/configurations (linear epitope [amino acids on a single polypeptide chain]/ conformational epitope [folding of 1 or more polypeptide chains])

  • T-cell recognition: peptide sequences (linear epitope only)

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Haptens

Substances that are too small to be recognized by B-cells but can stimulate an immune response if combined with a larger molecule

  • Antigenic only, not immunogenic

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Adjuvants

Substance that enhances the immune response/immunogenicity

  • Aluminum Salts: The only vaccine adjuvant currently licensed by FDA

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Autoantigens

Ag that belong to the host (self Ag)

  • Do not evoke immune response under normal circumstances

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Alloantigens

Ag from other members of host’s species and capable of eliciting an immune response

  • Transplants & blood transfusions

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Heteroantigens

Ag from other species

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Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

System of genes that code for cell surface molecules that play an important role in Ag recognition

  • found in short arm of chromosome 6

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Human Leukocytes Antigens (HLAs)

Other name for MHC

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MHC Molecules

Determine whether transplanted tissue is histocompatible and accepted by the recipient; serve as carriers of peptide antigens for T-cell recognition

  • found on the surface all nucleated cells

  • development of humoral and cellular immunity

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Class I MHC

  • Binds to endogenous antigens

  • found on loci: A, B, C

  • CD8

  • composed of:

    • alpha chain

    • beta-2 microglobulin (B2M)

  • Abundant on:

    • LYMPHs

    • Myeloid cells

  • Inadequate on: 

    • Hepatocytes

    • Sperm

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Class II MHC

  • Present on APCs

  • Binds to exogenous antigens

  • found on loci: DR, DQ, DP

  • CD4

  • Composed of

    • alpha chain

    • beta chain

  • Abundant on:

    • Dendritic cells

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Ankylosing Spondilitis

Disease associated with HLA-B27

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Goodpasteur Syndrome

Disease associated with HLA-DR15

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Grave’s and Hashimoto’s Disease

Disease associated with HLA-DR3

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Myasthenia Gravis

Disease associated with HLA-B8 & HLA-DR3

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Multiple Sclerosis

Disease associated with HLA-DR2

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Rheumatoid Arthritis

Disease associated with HLA-DR4

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Systematic Lupus Erythematosus.

Disease associated with HLA-DR3.