Layers and anatomy of the skin

integumentary system

Layers and anatomy of the skin

the skin consists of two main regions, epidermis and dermis sitting on top of the subcutaneous layer

what are the 4 layers of thin skin (superficial to deep)

Corneum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

what are the 5 layers of thick skin (superficial to deep)

Corneum, Lucidum, Granulosum, Spinosum, Basale

Stratum Basale

melanocytes, most inner layer, alive, where new kin cells are made

Stratum Spinosum

prickly layer, some keratin, starting to die

Stratum Granulosum

water barrier forms, 5 layers of flattened cells, granules, organelles deteriorating.

Stratum Lucidum

clear layer, only in thick skin

Stratum Corneum

outer most layer, dead keritinized cells, protection

melanocytes

melinin cells, cause tan, UV protection

what is the primary tissue of the epidermis

stratified squamous epithelium (kerenitized)

thick skin (how many layers and where)

5 layers of epidermis, on palms, soles of feet, and finger tips

thin skin (how many layers and where)

4 layers, all over body

squamous

circular/oval shape

startified

multiple layers

epithelium

tissue that covers/lines

why is the epidermis dead

further away from the dermis there are no blood vessels to deliver 02 or nutrients to the skin, when new cells are born the dead cells get pushed towards the surface, and eventually shed off

what are the main functions of the skin

protection, excretion, temperature, sensation, vitamin D

3 layers of the integumentary system

epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous layer

Dermis

connective tissue, flexible, vascularized and nervous tissue

accessories of the dermis

Blood vessels, nerve fibers, hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, arrestor pili muscles

Papillary layer

areolar connective tissue, grips epidermis, wavy

reticular layer

dense irregular connective tissue, 80% of dermis, gives support for all accessories.

what protein is hair and nails made of?

Hard keratin( tough and more durable than soft keratin

Eccrine gland

recreate sweat(water/salt) for thermoregulation, everywhere in body

Apocrine gland

secreate sweat+ fats/ proteins, armpits/groin, causes body oder

Sebaceous gland

recreates sebum(oil) to lubricate skin, around hair follicle

what vitamin is produced in the skin when exposed to the sun

vitamin D, is required for calcium absorption

Arrector Pili Muscle

smooth muscle on hair follicles, creates goose bumps

carotene

get through orange veggies, vitamin A, good for eyes

hemoglobin

dark red looks blue due to lack of oxygen, or super red due to blood closer to surface