AP Environmental Science Unit 8 Test

point source pollution

enters environment from single source

non-point source pollution

enters environment from different/unidentifiable sources

tolerance ranges

clean, decomposition, septic, recovery, clean

CWA

1972, led to plan with tunnels for secondary waste treatment, fewer carp and more species richness

cleaning up oil

oil booms, catching fire, graders, new sand, steam, sorbents, dispersants, skimmer boats

weathering

oil is heavier than water and is dispersed by wave action

evaporation

lighter molecules turn to vapor

oxidation

water-soluble compounds turn into tarballs

biodegradation

break down oil

emulsification

droplets of oil into mousse

water quality

clean water, pollution, active decomposition, recovery

turbidity

disk or intensity of light, high is bad

mercury cycle

volcano and industrial to water where it becomes methylmercury

eutrophication levels

oligotrophic, mesotrophic, eutrophic - least to most tsi, low to high productivity, good to bad water quality/DO

thermal pollution

more heat increases metabolic activity and needs more oxygen and more food

pops

accumulate in tissue, legacy contamination, biomagnification

sanitary landfills

leachate can be released, tipping fee, can burn for energy, captured methane, can be capped for park

incineration

dumped and moved and burned and filtered for ash/clean air and then steam for energy

ewaste

elements with potentially dangerous materials

environmental remediation

superfund sites, oil/vocs/heavy metals - soil washing, thermal/chemical/biological

primary sewage treatment

solid removal

secondary sewage treatment

oxidized, digested anareobically

tertiary sewage treatment

effluent is disinfected and sludge is dried and moved for fertilizer + disinfectants

ld50

how much for 50% to be killed

threshold response

lowest dose with effect

ec50

half-maximal response

zika virus

aedes, dangerous with pregnancy, blood/sexual contact

west nile virus

birds and mosquitos, 20% show symptoms/usually mild

mers

pneumonia, very dangerous, close contact, bats

sars

droplets and surfaces

plague

bubonic, septicemic, pneumonic, rodents, fleas, droplets, no vaccine but antibiotics

tb

active or latent, droplets, antibiotic/vaccine

cholera

digestive system, oral rehydration or antibiotics

drift versus shift

drift - small changes and vaccines, shift - big changes and no vaccines