Studied by 24 people
Why did Europeans want to explore?
Gold - A desire for new sources of wealth was the main reason for European exploration. Glory - The renaissance inspired new possibilities for power and prestige. God - Europeans Christians, especially Catholics, wanted to stop the spread of Islam and convert non- Christians to Christianity.
How were explorers able to sail so far and make it back again?
Navigation and maps - "Trade" a cultural diffusion during the Renaissance introduced new navigation techniques to Europeans. Maps were more accurate and used latitude and longitude.
What was a caravel?
The caravel was a strong ship built by the Europeans which could travel the world in open seas and in shallow water. They had cannons and rifles for protection, triangular lateen sails that allowed ships to sail against the wind, and a moveable rudder made it more maneuverable.
What was a magnetic compass?
A compass that made sailing more accurate.
What was an astrolabe?
A tool that used stars to show direction
Who was the first to explore the oceans in search of new trade routes?
Islamic merchants explored the Indian ocean that had dominated the Asian Spice trade for new centuries before European exploration.
What was the Treaty of Tordesillas (A.K.A the Papal Line of Demarcation?)
Treaty of Tordesillas - 1494 (agreement between Spain and Portugal aimed at settling conflicts over lands newly discovered or explored by Christopher Columbus and other late 15th-century voyagers. Spain was given exclusive rights to all newly discovered and undiscovered lands in the region west of the line. Portuguese expeditions were to keep to the east of the line. Pople Alexander the 4th helped carry this order out.
What was the order of power at the time of the Age of Exploration?
Spain, 2. Portugal, 3. France, 4. The Netherlands, and 5. England.
What was another name for the Age of Exploration?
The Age of Discovery
Who was Zeng He?
He was the first major figure who was sailing in the 15th century. He was Muslim. He was also the greatest admiral in Chinese History. He journeyed the Indian ocean between 1405 and 1453. He sailed on treasure ships, which were very large.
Who was Vasco Da Gama?
He was an explorer for Portugal who was the first to find a direct trade route to Asia by going around Africa (Cape of Good Hope) to get to India.
Who was Ferdinand Magellan?
(Influenced by Christopher Colombus) Ferdinand Magellan was the first explorer to circumnavigate (sail around the world) the Earth. Technically, Magellan didn't make it back to Spain because he was killed in the Philippines for trying to convert the natives there. Regardless, his crew made it all the way back to Spain.
Who was Christopher Colombus?
Christopher Colombus was the first European (sailed for Spain 1492) to go to the Philippines and return to report his findings. He ended up going west hitting the Bahamas/ the new world (The Americas). This started an age of Colonization in the Americas. He took 4 trips to the new world.
Who was Prince Henry the Navigator?
A man who started a school of navigation to train sailors, he also brought Europe's best mapmakers, shipbuilders, and sailing instructors to the school. He wanted to discover new territories and find a quick trade route to Asia for Portugal.
Why did Christopher Colombus not sail for Italy?
At the time, there was no Italian empire, so Christopher Colombus was forced to sail for Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain. Isabella of Spain was thought to be fond of Colombus hence why she let him sail for Spain.
What were some products involved in the Columbian exchange?
Disease, tobacco, sugar cane, maize (corn), gold, cocoa, plants, horses, and slaves.
How did the Columbian exchange impact the worlds population?
A positive impact was the world's population doubling at the time due to better diets, a negative impact was the trade of slaves.
Who benefitted more from the Treaty of Tordesillas/The Papal Line of Demarcation.
Spain, since they had the west side of the world, they were able to colonize the "New World". A.K.A the Americas.
What did Spain do after discovering the Americas?
Spain created colonies in North and South America. Spain sent explorers called conquistadors to the New World to find Gold, claim land, and spread Christianity.
Who was Hernan Crotes?
A man who conquered the Aztecs and destroyed their culture.
Who was Francisco Pizarro?
A man who conquered the Incas and destroyed their culture.
What made Spain the most powerful country in Europe?
The influx of gold from America made Spain the most powerful country in Europe during the early years of the age of exploration.
Who was James Cook?
The first European to make contact with Australia, New Zealand, and Hawaii.
How did the Dutch and England fund their expeditions?
Like England, the Netherlands (the Dutch) allowed private companies to fund exploration. The Dutch had colonies in America and Africa, but the Dutch's East Indian company dominated trade in Asia.
Who was Samuel de Champlain
A French explorer who searched for a northwest passage to Asia and failed to do so. The French would soon carve out a large colony along the Mississippi River from Canada to New Orleans.
Who was Bartolome de las Casas?
He was a Catholic missionary who came to believe that it was wrong to mistreat Indians.
What was a joint stock company?
The main purpose of a joint-stock company during the 1500s and 1600s was to share the risks and profits of colonial investments.
About how many Natives American died within a century of the European expansion into the New World?
About 90% died. Mainly from diseases.
What was the Columbian Exchange?
The two-way movement of animals, foods, people, and other items between the Old World and the New.
After Samuel de Chaplain failed to do so, he founded what French colony?
Quebec
What were three advantages the Spanish had over the Aztecs?
They had much better protection/armor, they also had weapons such as rifles, their immunity to smallpox also favored them.
Spanish policy was to reward its soldiers by giving them?
Encomienda
What is an encomienda?
A large tract of land that also included the forced labor of native people living there.
What was the Black Legend?
The Black Legend was English propaganda, suggesting that the Spanish were evil and needed to be enslaved.
European merchants looked for quick, direct trade routes to Asia to avoid dealing with which two groups of merchants?
Italy and the Ottoman Empire.
