Organelles

Nucleus

(Brain / Da' Control Center)

Structure:

• filled with nucleic acids, RNA & DNA

• surrounded by nuclear membrane

Function:

• provides genetic information to the cell

• controls cell process & reproduction

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Endoplasmic Reticulum Network of canals used to transport and store substances. It is a pathway between the nucleus and cell membrane

ER (emergency room- ambulance transports you to the ER)

Smooth ER

Structure:

• NOT covered in Ribosomes

• series of membrane tubes

Function: (highway for materials)

• creates lipid-based molecules like hormones and steroids

Rough ER

Structure:

• covered in Ribosomes

• series of membrane tubes

(usually found near nucleus)

Function:

• creates proteins and transports them to the Golgi body.

Nucleolus

(Meatballs found in the nucleus)

Structure:

• filled with RNA (cheap copies of DNA)

• found in nucleus

• no membranes

Function:

• creates ribosomes (which produces proteins)

Golgi

(packaging plant/post-office)

-stacks of flattened membrane sacks that…

• creates, modifies, and packages proteins and lipids for the cell

• puts products in membrane sacks called vesicles

• produces lysosomes

Extras:

• major player in exocytosis

• releases them into the cytoplasm

Mitochrondia

(powerhouse of the cell)

has 2 membrane and its own DNA that creates cellular energy (ATP)

Extras:

Ya' get it from yo' mama!

Chloroplast

Structure:

• membrane-bound organelle

• appears green from a molecule called "chlorophyll" which captures light

Function:

• performs photosynthesis to make food for the cell

• found only in plants

Lysosomes

(Lysol cleaner)

• membrane bound sacks (called a vesicle)

Function:

• contains enzymes (lysozyme)

• destroy bacteria and old cells

• breaks down food

Vesicle

sacs that proteins are placed in by the golgi body before being shipped away

Flagella

• 2 micro tubes slide past each other - provides cell with a whip-like tail for (chaotic) motion to move the cell

Cilia

Structure:

-possesses a 9+2 arrangement

• made up of microtubules that slide up each other.

Function:

• gives wave-like motion to help the cell move (e.g: nose hair)

Vacuole

(Vaccuum up the dirt. Vaccuum holds/stores the dirt in a bag/ food containers)

Structure:

-large membrane-bound sacks

Function:

-stores materials

Centrioles

Structure:

• stacks of microtubules

Function:

-plays a role in cellular (division) reproduction

Ribosome

2 pieces of proteins that read RNA to make proteins

Cell Wall (tree bark)

A large chain of carbohydrates that gives the cell rigid structure

Cytoplasm

Structure:

-jelly-like material that is 80% water

-contains Proteins, Lipids, and Carbohydrates

Function:

• gives shape to the cell

• holds organelles

-gives shape &structure to cells

Microtubules

protein tubes that…

• provide structure of cell

• provide movement of cilia & flagella

• help centrioles with reproduction

Microfilaments

• long strands of proteins; (looks like a rope) provides structure in cell; part of the cytoskeleton

3 postulates of cell theory

1) all organisms are made of cells

2) cells are the basic units of life

3) new cells arise from pre-existing ones.

Importance of proteins in a membrane

to allow specific molecule to enter the cell

Prokaryotes

cells without nucleus & other membrane-bound organelles.

Ex:

Bacteria; first cell life on earth

Eukaryotes

cell with nucleus & membrane bound organelles

evolved from prokaryotes, and thus are more complex.