physical Science final exam!

Average Velocity

Average Velocity

Speed and direction combined

Instantaneous Velocity

Acceleration and time relationship

Friction

Force opposing motion direction

Sliding Friction

Friction between sliding objects

Newton's First Law

Object at rest stays at rest unless acted upon

Gravitational Potential Energy

Energy stored in an object's position

Transverse Wave

Wave perpendicular to wave travel

Frequency

Number of wave cycles per second

Destructive Interference

Peak and trough cancel each other out

Radar

Locates position and velocity using radio signals

Frame of Reference

Set of coordinates determining position or velocities

Velocity

Object's change in direction with respect to time

Acceleration

Change in velocity over time

Net Force

Sum of forces acting on an object

Inertia

Tendency to remain unchanged or at rest

Kinetic Energy

Energy of motion

Longitudinal Wave

Wave disturbance in line with wave travel

Period

Time for one wave cycle

Wavelength

Distance between two adjacent crests

Sound

Longitudinal wave; moves slowly in solids

Sonar

Uses ultrasonic waves to detect reflections

Electromagnetic Waves

Vibration of electric + magnetic fields

Speed of Light

Measured by Michealson's experiment in 1926

FM

Frequency changes; constant amplitude

Distance

Total movement without considering direction

Vector

Magnitude and direction of an object

Speed

Object's change in distance with respect to time

Free Fall

Falling with gravity as the only force

Curvature

Shows acceleration or deceleration in a graph

Fluid Friction

Force opposing motion in fluids

Rolling Friction

Friction for spheres or cylinders on a surface

Newton's Second Law

Net force acting on an object determines motion

Momentum

Product of mass and velocity

Closed System

System where matter cannot enter or exit

Universal Forces

Electromagnetic

Elastic Potential Energy

Energy stored due to deforming an elastic object

Mechanical Waves

Disturbances in matter carrying energy

Constructed Interference

Two peaks adding to form a prominent peak

Reflection

Waves bouncing off a hard surface

Refraction

Wave bending when entering a new medium

Diffraction

Waves bending around an obstacle

Doppler Effect

Change in frequency due to motion

EM Spectrum

Radio

AM

Info carried in amplitude; constant frequency

Opaque

No light passes through

Translucent

Some scattered light passes; image is fuzzy

Transparent

Most light passes through; clear image