APEH - Unit 2 Vocab (2/2)

icon

Any representation or image of a sacred figure, such as Christ or a saint.

theocracy

A government dominated by religious leaders.

iconoclastic

The action of attacking or destroying an icon.

anabaptists

So called "radical" Protestants; the name derives from their practice of only baptizing adults.

HRE

In context, it can mean either Holy Roman Empire or Holy Roman Emperor.

Peace of Augsburg

1555 internal agreement in the Holy Roman Empire that allowed the ruler of each state in the Empire to select the religion for the people who live in their state. It briefly ended warfare between Catholics and Protestants in the Empire.

abdicate

The action of a monarch in surrendering their claim to the throne.

Bourbons

The family that held the throne of France from 1589 until the French Revolution.

politiques

Term for those nobles and royal figures who supported religious toleration as a means of restoring domestic peace and strengthening the nation.

Edict of Nantes

1598 royal decree issued by King Henry IV of France that granted religious toleration and control of 200 walled fortified cities to that nation's Protestant minority.

inquisition

Term for religious courts set up by Catholic authorities in Spain to root out anyone suspected of practicing the Jewish or Muslim religions. The courts could use torture and death to enforce their power.

annulment

A legal procedure that cancels a marriage as if it had never taken place.

sacked

A military action in which a victorious army is permitted to rape, murder, and destroy a conquered city.

illegitimate

Term formerly used to identify a child born to parents who were not married.

Act of Supremacy

1534 law passed by the English Parliament naming the king (Henry VIII) the head of the Church of England. The Act also made is treasonous for anyone to refuse to accept the new law.

regent

Title for a person selected to hold power when a monarch is either too young or too ill to rule on their own.

Anglican Church

A synonym for the Church of England, the Protestant faith first established in the reign of King Henry VIII.

Act of Religious Settlement

1559 law passed by the English Parliament that made the Anglican Church the official state church of England and recognized that there were other faiths in the nation.

Spanish Armada

A massive fleet of over 130 Spanish warships that was sent against England in 1588. The fleet suffered heavy losses and was a major disaster for Spain.

Council of Trent

A landmark meeting of Catholic Church leaders, held between 1546-1563 for the purpose of developing a response to the Protestant Reformation.

standardize

To make something uniform, the same.

dogma

The official teachings, beliefs, and practices of a religion.

Index

First compiled at the Council of Trent, this was a list of books that Catholics were prohibited to read.  The Index was abolished in 1966.

Jesuits

A synonym for the Society a Jesus, an order of well-educated Catholic priests founded by a Spanish priest, Ignatius of Loyola, in 1546.

Baroque

A style of European art, architecture, and music of the 17th and 18th centuries characterized by ornate details and emotional subjects.

Mannerism

A European art movement associated with the late-Renaissance period of the 16th century and noted for its sophistication and artificial style.

Defenestration of Prague

1618 event that triggered the destructive Thirty Years' War. Two representatives of the Holy Roman Emperor were tossed from a high window by Bohemian Calvinist officials.