World History Midterm study

Çatalhüyük

An ancient settlement where residents had no concern for improving weapons, technology, or arts.

Neolithic Revolution

The transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture.

Genealogy

The study of family lineages and history.

Dynastic Egypt

Ancient Egypt's historical period characterized by its stable population and unifying religious ideology.

Beringia

The landmass that once connected North America and Asia.

Hominids

A group that includes all Great Apes, including humans and their ancestors.

Oldowan Industry

Early stone tools made of flaked and smashed quartz pebbles.

Sanskrit

An ancient language of India used in religious texts.

Ashoka

The founder of the Mauryan Empire who promoted Buddhism.

Daoism

A philosophy that emphasizes living in harmony with the Tao.

Mandate of Heaven

A Chinese political theory claiming that those in power were given the right to rule by a divine source.

Song Dynasty

A period known for significant advancements in technology, culture, and economy in China.

Confucianism

A system of philosophical and ethical teachings founded by Confucius.

Tang Dynasty

A Chinese dynasty that is often regarded as a high point in Chinese civilization.

Zhou Dynasty

The historical period in China marked by the development of a feudal system and the Mandate of Heaven.

Excavations of Harappan Civilization

Revealed advanced urban planning and social organization.

Homo habilis

The earliest hominid known to use tools.

Indo-Aryans

An ancient people who migrated into India, known for their religious hymns.

Upper Paleolithic

The late phase of the Stone Age.

The Great Pyramid of Egypt

Took twenty years to build and was one of the tallest structures in the world.

Assyrian Empire

Known for their military prowess, including the first use of bronze weapons.

Sumerians

The inhabitants of ancient Mesopotamia, known for writing and urbanization.

Mohenjo-Daro

An ancient city of the Indus Valley civilization.

Caste System in India

A hierarchical system dividing people into different social groups.

Himalayas

A major mountain range that separates the subcontinent of India from the Tibetan Plateau.

Agricultural Revolution

A significant change when societies transitioned from hunting and gathering to agriculture.

Paleolithic

The early phase of the Stone Age, characterized by the use of simple stone tools.

Neolithic

The later part of the Stone Age when humans began agriculture.

Mesopotamia

Ancient region located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers.

Ancient Egyptians

Known for their pyramids, mummies, and a polytheistic religion.

Legalism

A Chinese philosophy emphasizing strict laws and harsh punishments.

Cuneiform

The first known form of writing developed by the Sumerians.

Silk Road

A network of trade routes connecting China with the West.

Rome

An ancient civilization known for its architecture, law, and governance.

Feudalism

A social system in medieval Europe where land was held by lords in exchange for military service.

Urbanization

The process of making an area more urban through the development of cities.

Indus Valley Civilization

An ancient civilization that thrived along the Indus River.

Buddhism

A spiritual tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development and the attainment of a deep insight into the true nature of life.

Bronze Age

A period characterized by the use of bronze, proto-writing, and other early features of urban civilization.

Merchant Class

A social class made up of individuals whose primary source of income comes from trade.

Empire

A large political structure that dominates over extensive territories and diverse peoples.

Kublai Khan

The Mongol leader who completed the conquest of China.

Warring States Period

A time of political fragmentation in ancient China.

Valley of Kings

A burial site for pharaohs in ancient Egypt.

Delhi Sultanate

A series of Muslim dynasties that ruled parts of India.

Tang and Song Dynasties

Known for cultural and technological advancements in medieval China.

Neolithic Communities

Settlements characterized by agriculture, domestication, and permanent houses.

Homo neanderthalensis

An extinct species closely related to modern humans.

Cultural Exchange

The process by which cultures share and adopt ideas, beliefs, and customs.

Mesoamerica

A region extending from central Mexico to northern Central America, known for its ancient tribes.

Aboriginal Peoples

Indigenous populations that originally inhabited a region.

Islamic Golden Age

A period of cultural, economic, and scientific flourishing in the history of Islam.

Caliphate

An Islamic state under the leadership of an Islamic steward known as a caliph.

Vedic Texts

Sacred scriptures of Hinduism composed in ancient India.

The Four Noble Truths

The principles that form the foundation of Buddhism.

Archaeological Evidence

Material remains of past human life and activities uncovered through excavation.

Ziggurat

A rectangular stepped tower, sometimes surmounted by a temple.

Bronze tools

Tools made from an alloy of copper and tin, marking a technological advancement.

Sumerian Inventions

Various early developments, including cuneiform writing and the wheel.

Hinduism

A major world religion originating from the Indian subcontinent.

Phoenicians

Ancient Semitic-speaking Mediterranean civilization located in the territory of modern Lebanon.

Terra Cotta Army

A collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang.

Mongol Empire

The largest contiguous empire in history, established by Genghis Khan.

Algebra

A branch of mathematics dealing with symbols and rules for manipulating those symbols.

Mandate of Heaven

The divine right to rule claimed by Chinese emperors.

Mycenaean Civilization

An ancient Greek civilization known for its architectural achievements and system of writing.

Taoism

A belief system emphasizing living in harmony with the Tao.

Barter System

An economic system in which goods and services are exchanged directly for other goods and services.

Hunter-Gatherer Society

A nomadic group that relies on hunting, fishing, and gathering wild food.

Civilization

A complex human society characterized by the development of cities, social stratification, and a communication system.

Agricultural Surplus

Excess agricultural production, allowing for trade and economic development.

Charioteers

Warriors who fought from horse-drawn vehicles.

Matriarchy

A social system in which females hold primary power.

Urban Planning

The design and regulation of the uses of space within urban areas.

Cultural Diffusion

The spread of cultural beliefs and social activities from one group to another.

Vedic Religion

The religion of the Indo-Aryans, which laid the foundations for Hinduism.

Iron Age

A historical period characterized by the widespread use of iron.

Mongol Conquest

The military expansion of the Mongolian Empire under leaders like Genghis Khan.

Lake Baikal

The world's deepest and oldest freshwater lake located in Siberia.

Silk Production

The process of harvesting silk from silkworms, critical to trade.

Confucian Scholar

An individual versed in the teachings of Confucius, often serving as a government official.

Homo sapiens

The species name for modern humans.

Barbarians

People who lived outside the boundaries of civilized societies.

Capitalism

An economic system in which trade, industry, and capital are privately controlled.

Cultural Heritage

The legacy of physical artifacts and intangible attributes of a group or society.

Çatalhüyük

A Neolithic settlement characterized by its population of several thousand residents and an emphasis on varied diets, with complex social structures.

Assyrian Empire

Notable for its use of bronze weaponry, siege tactics, and a government that inspired fear among conquered peoples, lasting over a thousand years.

Oldowan Industry

Refers to the earliest known stone tools, primarily chopping tools made from flaked and smashed quartz pebbles.

Beringia

A landmass that once connected North America and Asia, significant in the migration of early peoples.

Hominids vs. Hominins

Hominids include all great apes and humans; hominins specifically refer to modern humans and their more recent ancestors.

Neolithic Revolution

The transition from a hunter-gatherer lifestyle to agriculture, marking a significant change in human history.

Mandate of Heaven

A political theory in ancient China that justified the rise and fall of dynasties, asserting that a ruler's right to govern was granted by divine

Which of the following is not an accurate description of life in Çatalhüyük?

There was no concern with improving weapons, technology, or the arts.

Çatalhüyük Life

There was concern with improving weapons, technology, and the arts; however, the population reached several thousand residents, the dead were buried, and the residents ate a varied diet.

What were the continuities in Dynastic Egypt?

Dynastic Egypt had a unifying religious ideology linking pharaohs to gods, a stable population, and consistent social hierarchies.

What was not a continuity in Dynastic Egypt?

The construction of huge pyramids as burial sites.

How did the earliest peoples migrate to Australia and New Zealand?

They arrived by sea, but there is no conclusive archaeological evidence on how the migration took place.

First Hominids to Use Fire

Homo erectus.

What is one advantage of city-states in Mesopotamia?

Urban centers were able to draw on the resources from their surrounding territories.