Electronic Configuration, Ions, and Basic Bonding – Video Notes Review

A set of QUESTION_AND_ANSWER flashcards covering electronic configuration, ions, and basic bonding concepts from the provided video notes.

What are Group 1 metals commonly called?

Alkali metals.

What do Group 1 metals form when they react with water?

Hydroxides that are alkaline (and hydrogen gas).

What are Group 7 elements commonly known as?

Halogens.

What is an ion?

A charged particle, which can be a single atom or a group of atoms.

What is the difference between anions and cations?

Anions gain electrons (more electrons than protons); cations lose electrons (more protons than electrons).

How many electrons can the first three shells hold in the standard example shown (2, 8, 8)?

First shell 2 electrons; second shell 8; third shell 8.

In an electronic-configuration diagram, what do circles and crosses represent?

Circles are electron shells, and crosses are electrons.

For Argon with 18 electrons, how are the electrons distributed among the first three shells?

2 in the first shell, 8 in the second shell, and 8 in the third shell.

How can you predict the ions formed from the group number?

Groups 1–3 (metals) lose electrons to form positive ions; Groups 5–7 (non-metals) gain electrons to form negative ions; elements in the same group have the same number of outer electrons and thus often form ions with the same charge.

What is ionic bonding?

The transfer of electrons from a metal to a non-metal creating cations and anions, held together by electrostatic attraction.

What is an element?

A substance consisting of only one type of atom with its own properties; a pure substance.

What is a compound?

A substance formed from two or more elements chemically bonded together.

What is a mixture?

A substance containing two or more elements not chemically bonded; it can be separated by physical means.

What is an atom?

The smallest unit of matter.

What is a simple ion?

An ion formed from a single atom (as opposed to polyatomic ions).

What is the general rule about filling energy levels?

Fill the lowest energy shells first; electrons occupy shells in order of increasing energy.