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Abigail Adams
Wife of John Adams and advocate for women's education and property rights, known for her letters that provided insight into Revolutionary America.
Charles Francis Adams
Son of John Quincy Adams, U.S. Minister to the UK during the Civil War, instrumental in keeping Britain neutral.
John Adams
Founding Father, second President of the U.S., advocate for independence and key figure in American governance through his roles in drafting the Constitution.
John Quincy Adams
Sixth U.S. President, known for his opposition to slavery and the Monroe Doctrine.
Fisher Ames
Federalist politician from Massachusetts, known for his speeches supporting the Constitution.
Benjamin Austin
Prominent Massachusetts politician opposing Federalist policies and supporting Jeffersonian ideals.
Benjamin Franklin Bache
Journalist and editor known for his opposition to Federalist policies and support for Jeffersonian republicanism.
Gamaliel Bailey
Abolitionist editor known for publishing Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin in The National Era.
Benjamin Banneker
Self-taught African American mathematician and astronomer who published almanacs advocating for racial equality.
Philip Barbour
Congressman and Supreme Court Associate Justice known for his advocacy of states’ rights.
William T. Barry
Postmaster General under Andrew Jackson, known for expanding postal routes and reducing rates.
James A. Bayard
Federalist leader who played a key role in resolving the 1800 presidential election.
Lyman Beecher
Influential minister in the Second Great Awakening advocating for social reforms including temperance and abolition.
John Bell
U.S. senator and moderate who sought compromise between North and South before the Civil War.
Thomas Hart Benton
Missouri senator and proponent of westward expansion who later became critical of slavery.
John M. Berrien
Georgia senator and Attorney General known for his defense of states’ rights.
Nicholas Biddle
President of the Second Bank of the U.S. and key figure in the Bank War against Andrew Jackson.
James G. Birney
Prominent abolitionist who ran for president as a Liberty Party candidate.
Francis Preston Blair
Journalist and advisor to Andrew Jackson, shaping public opinion in support of Jacksonian Democracy.
Napoleon Bonaparte
French Emperor whose sale of the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. doubled the nation's size.
Aaron Burr
Third Vice President of the U.S., remembered for his duel with Alexander Hamilton and his controversial political career.
John C. Calhoun
Southern politician advocating states’ rights and nullification, influential in slavery and secession debates.
William Carroll
Tennessee politician, military officer, and governor who improved state infrastructure and legal reform.
Lewis Cass
Democratic politician known for advocating "popular sovereignty" regarding slavery in new territories.
Samuel Chase
Associate Justice of the Supreme Court whose impeachment underscored the importance of judicial independence.
Henry Clay
Renowned statesman known as the "Great Compromiser" for his roles in major compromises on slavery.
DeWitt Clinton
Governor of New York who advocated for the Erie Canal, significantly impacting American commerce.
George Clinton
Influential governor of New York and Anti-Federalist, opposed ratification of the U.S. Constitution without a Bill of Rights.
William H. Crawford
Georgia politician and presidential candidate influential in the Era of Good Feelings.
Stephen A. Douglas
Illinois senator who introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act and debated Abraham Lincoln.
Frederick Douglass
Former enslaved person and leading abolitionist known for his compelling autobiographies.
William Duane
Editor of the Aurora newspaper, advocating for democracy and criticizing Federalist policies.
Thomas Earle
Journalist and reformer supporting abolition and working-class rights.
John H. Eaton
Close ally of Andrew Jackson, Secretary of War involved in the Petticoat Affair.
Margaret Eaton
Wife of John Eaton, central figure in the Petticoat Affair, defended by Andrew Jackson.
George Henry Evans
Labor activist advocating for land reform and workers' rights.
John Fenno
Federalist journalist and founder of the Gazette of the United States, promoting Hamilton's policies.
John Floyd
Virginia politician advocating states’ rights and a proponent of secession.
Philip Freneau
Poet and journalist known as the "Poet of the American Revolution."
Albert Gallatin
Secretary of the Treasury known for stabilizing America's finances and supporting infrastructure.
William Lloyd Garrison
Radical abolitionist and founder of The Liberator, advocating for immediate emancipation.
Edmond-Charles Genêt
French ambassador whose actions challenged American neutrality and strained relations.
Elbridge Gerry
Founding Father and fifth Vice President, known for "gerrymandering."
Stephen Girard
Philadelphia financier who stabilized the economy during the War of 1812.
Duff Green
Journalist and political advisor, vocal supporter of Andrew Jackson's policies.
Angelina Grimké
Abolitionist and women's rights advocate from South Carolina.
Alexander Hamilton
Founding Father and first Secretary of the Treasury, established the financial foundation of the U.S.
Jared Ingersoll
Federalist and lawyer who represented Pennsylvania at the Constitutional Convention.
Andrew Jackson
Seventh President known for founding the Democratic Party and his populist policies.
John Jay
Founding Father, diplomat, and first Chief Justice known for negotiating the Jay Treaty.
Thomas Jefferson
Third President and author of the Declaration of Independence, champion of republicanism.
Richard Mentor Johnson
Ninth Vice President known for military service and controversial political stances.
Amos Kendall
Journalist and advisor to Andrew Jackson, transformed the postal system.
James Kent
Legal scholar whose Commentaries on American Law influenced early American jurisprudence.
Rufus King
Federalist statesman and abolitionist who signed the U.S. Constitution.
William Berkeley Lewis
Political advisor and confidant of Andrew Jackson.
Nathaniel Macon
North Carolina statesman known for advocating limited federal government.
Dolley Madison
Wife of James Madison, known for her social influence and bravery during the War of 1812.
James Madison
Fourth President and the "Father of the Constitution," instrumental in drafting the Constitution.
William L. Marcy
NY politician who championed the spoils system and supported Jacksonian expansionism.
John Marshall
Longest-serving Chief Justice, established judicial review in Marbury v. Madison.
George McDuffie
South Carolina congressman known for his staunch defense of states’ rights.
Louis McLane
Secretary of State involved in trade agreements and debates over the Bank of the U.S.
Shadrach Minkins
Escaped enslaved man whose capture highlighted Northern opposition to the Fugitive Slave Act.
James Monroe
Fifth President known for the Monroe Doctrine and the Era of Good Feelings.
Ely Moore
New York congressman and labor leader advocating for workers' rights.
William Morgan
Freemason whose mysterious disappearance sparked the anti-Masonic movement.
Lucretia Mott
Quaker abolitionist and women's rights activist influential in the suffrage movement.
Timothy Pickering
Federalist statesman known for his foreign policy and involvement in the Hartford Convention.
Charles Pinckney
South Carolina politician, significant contributor to the Constitutional Convention.
Charles Cotesworth Pinckney
Revolutionary War hero known for his role in the XYZ Affair.
Thomas Pinckney
Negotiated Pinckney's Treaty securing rights on the Mississippi River.
James K. Polk
Eleventh President focused on Manifest Destiny and territorial expansion.
Sarah Childress Polk
Politically engaged First Lady known for influencing her husband’s policies.
John Randolph of Roanoke
Virginia congressman advocating states’ rights and limited government.
James Shields
Senator from multiple states, known for his support of popular sovereignty.
Stephen Simpson
Editor critical of the Bank of the United States, advocating for economic reforms.
Thomas Skidmore
Radical reformer and labor advocate promoting wealth redistribution.
Margaret Bayard Smith
Writer and socialite chronicling early American political culture.
William Smith
South Carolina senator known for advocating states’ rights and economic protectionism.
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Leading figure in the women’s rights movement and co-organizer of the Seneca Falls Convention.
Joseph Story
Associate Justice and legal scholar whose writings influenced U.S. federalism.
James Tallmadge Jr.
Congressman known for the Tallmadge Amendment restricting slavery in Missouri.
Roger B. Taney
Chief Justice remembered for the Dred Scott decision exacerbating sectional tensions.
Lewis Tappan
Abolitionist and businessman funding anti-slavery efforts.
John Taylor of Caroline
Virginia statesman advocating for strict constitutional interpretation and agrarianism.
John W. Taylor
Congressman and Speaker of the House actively opposing slavery’s expansion.
Alexis de Tocqueville
French political thinker who analyzed American democracy in Democracy in America.
Nat Turner
Enslaved man who led a rebellion, heightening fears of insurrection in the South.
John Tyler
Tenth President who favored Southern interests and prioritized Texas annexation.
Martin Van Buren
Eighth President and a founder of the Democratic Party.
Stephen Van Rensselaer
New York politician and founder of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute.
Denmark Vesey
Freedman who planned a slave rebellion in Charleston, symbolizing resistance.
David Walker
Abolitionist whose pamphlet called for immediate end to slavery.
George Washington
First President, leader of the Continental Army, and key figure in establishing U.S. governance.
Daniel Webster
Leading statesman and orator advocating for national unity and federal power.
Thurlow Weed
Political boss and journalist instrumental in shaping Whig and Republican politics.
Hugh Lawson White
Senator from Tennessee opposing Jackson’s policies and advocating for the South.
William Wirt
Longest-serving Attorney General known for defending Native American sovereignty.
Levi Woodbury
Politician and jurist supporting states’ rights and individual liberties.
