Unit 7 - Phylogeny and The Tree of Life

phylogeny

evolutionary history of a species or group of species, determined by evidences from fossil record, homologous structures, molecular homologies

systemics

helps us understand phylogeny (data analysis of phylogeny)

taxonomy

grouping according to evolutionary similarities, binomial nomeclature, domains are species, taxon named taxonomic hierarchy

acronym for taxonomy

king phillip came over for great spaghetti = kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species

phylogenic tree

links taxonomy and phylogeny, branch points are divergence of 2 lineages from a common ancestor, most recent common ancestor

how to read a phylogenic tree?

phylogenies are inferred from morphological and molecular data

homology

similarities due to common ancestry

analogy

similarities due to convergent evolution

morphology and DNA

physical traits and genetics are homologous in organisms with recent shared common ancestors

molecualr systematics

uses DNA and other molecules to hypothesize evolutionary history

how are phylogenetic trees constructed?

with shared characters

cladistics

science of constructing a cladogram, clades

clades

groups of organisms sharing a common ancestor

how to identify species changes over time?

nodes

nodes

represents common ancestry, traits derived from speciation events

characteristics

shared derived character, new evolutionary feature, unique to a particular group

ingroup

group of study (make comparisons)

outgroup

group that diverged prior to ingroup

what does new evidence mean

a continued revision of classification like genome/DNA sequencing

tree of life

current classification has 3 domains and 6 kingdoms