Life Saving and Life Support

PATHFit 3, Aquatics - Prof. Tirso Azarcon Midterms, Second Semester, A.Y. 2024-25

Philippine Life Saving

This is a lead training institution in the pursuit of professional development and services in Water Safety, Drowning Prevention, Disaster Resilience, Lifeguarding and Water Rescue.

best practices

The goal of PLS is to reduce drowning deaths and aquatic related accidents in the Philippines by implementing _________ in water safety, drowning prevention, lifesaving, water rescue, lifeguarding and lifesaving sports.

Philippine Life Saving

This society will be managed by highly competent, skilled and dynamic Volunteer Lifesavers for skills development, training and certification of globally competitive and socially responsive Aquatic Lifesavers / Lifeguards/ Rescuers who would help lower existing drowning.

Water Safety, Lifeguarding, Water Rescue and Lifesaving Sports.

One of the missions of PSL is to pursue, lead and serve the establishment of lifesaving professions in _______.

Knowledge, Skills, Attitudes, Values and Ethics

One of the missions of PSL is to teach Filipino people the appropriate ________ or (KSAVE) needed for a world class lifesaver/Lifeguard / Rescue Practitioner through relevant and sustainable lifesaving education and sports programs aligned with the ILS.

International Life Saving (ILS) Federation

What does the acronym “ILS” stand for?

Lifesaver

One of the missions of PSL is to ensure invaluable contribution towards our advocacy in equipping at least one (1) _______ per Filipino household by extending training and research resources to impact the reduction of drowning incidents, public health promotion and building disaster resilient communities in the country.

500

Although over the years there has been a gradual reduction in the number of drowning accidents in the UK, there are

still approximately _______ fatalities every year.

asphyxia

Drowning is death caused by ______ (insufficient oxygen reaching the tissues of the body) due to immersion in water.

Near-drowning

_______ is when a casualty survives an immersion incident.

• Lack of education

• Lack of safety advice

• Lack of protection

• Lack of supervision

• Inability to cope

What are the links of the drowning chain?

casualty, and the best way to help them

Before performing rescues, it is important to consider the different types of _______ and ________.

• non-swimmer

• Weak swimmer

• Injured

• Strong swimmer

What are the four (4) casualties of drowning?

Non-swimmer

This casualty will probably be in an upright position in the water, and unable to use their arms or legs for support. The facial expression will be wide-eyed and panicking, with the main concern being to maintain breathing.

instructions

The non-swimmer will not be able to respond to _______, and is likely to grab hold of any would-be rescuer.

Weak swimmer

This casualty may be using the arms and legs to support the body in an inclined position facing help or safety; the head may submerge periodically, however, and water may be expelled from the mouth.

buoyant support

As they can support themselves, weak swimmers will probably be able to respond to clear instructions, and may be able to propel themselves if ________ is available.

Injured

This casualty will be partly or entirely submerged, face up or face down, and limp in the water. No attempts to attract attention will be made; the eyes will probably be closed. This casualty may be difficult to maneuver and heavy to rescue and land.

alcohol or inclement weather/water conditions.

A strong swimmer may also get into difficulties if suffering from illness, effects of _____ or ______.

precise circumstances

The action to be taken by a rescuer depends on the _______ of the incident.

plan of action

In an emergency, the rescuer must make an accurate assessment of the circumstances and quickly formulate a ________.

• SAFETY OF RESCUER

• Nature of area

• Number of casualties

• Priorities of rescue

• Available assistance

• Telephoning for help

• Rescue sequence

• Personal capabilities

• Leadership

• Selection of rescue aids

• Removal of clothing

• Flexibility of action plan

• Care of casualties

What are the factors to be taken into account when forming a plan of action?

training

The accurate assessment of the situation and formulation of an appropriate action plan can only be achieved through _______.

five

Every year, approximately ________ people lose their lives while attempting to rescue someone in trouble.

personal safety

While it may seem counterintuitive, your ______ should always be the number 1 priority in any rescue situation. Self-preservation is paramount!

• awareness

• Assessment

• Action

• Aftercare

What are the four (4) ’As’ encouraged by Royal Life Saving for people who find themselves in a rescue situation?

Awareness

This is a step once a potential rescuer has recognized the situation and decided they need to act.

Assessment and Action

Once a potential rescuer has recognized the situation and decided they need to act it is the _____ and ______ steps that become so important in ensuring your own safety while executing a successful rescue.

safer location

Complete the phrase of the rescuer’s consideration during a drowning emergency:

“Can I talk to the person, calming them down and directing them to a ______?”

reach

Complete the phrase of the rescuer’s consideration during a drowning emergency:

“Is there something on hand that I could use to _____ the person, such as a rope, stick, or towel?”

buoyancy

Complete the phrase of the rescuer’s consideration during a drowning emergency:

“Is there something I could throw to the person to aid their _____, such as a lifejacket, kick board, or esky (cooler) lid?”

trained lifesaver

A rescuer should enter the water to make a rescue only as a last resort and only if he or she is a _____. Wherever possible, rescues should be undertaken from land.

Talk (shout and signal)

This is the safest form of rescue as it relies on use of the voice and hand signals, and avoids physical contact with the casualty in the water.

Reach with rescue aid

What is the next sequence of rescue after shouting and signaling?

rigid aid

If you are using a _____, hold it just to the side of the casualty. (If the aid is not grasped, hook it under the casualty’s armpit to provide support.)

non-rigid aid

If you are using a _____, keep hold of one end and throw the other end towards the casualty; where more distance is needed, two items of clothing can be tied together (wet clothing is better than dry).

Reach using a rope

This is an effective and safe form of rescue for use when the casualty is close to dry land, often as a result of falling into the water.

Tying to a secure object

Before throwing the rope, you have to secure one end by _____.

Buoyant

In throwing, you have to select a rescue aid that is ______ e.g. football, plastic bottle or lifejacket.

Wade

This is the attempt where the rescuer uses reach and throw methods from the safety of the edge have proved unsuccessful and the water depth (shallow), flow and temperature permit a safe entry, the rescuer may wade into the water until a reaching or throwing rescue becomes possible.

craft/row

A rescue carried out with the use of a ______ should be attempted only if the rescuer is fully competent in handling that craft in a rescue situation.

Swim with an aid (accompanied)

This method of rescue is useful for weak or injured swimmers who are too far from land for reach or throw rescues.

non-contact rescue

A _______should be used only when an accompanied rescue is not possible, and the casualty is weak, injured or a non-swimmer.

Contact tows

________ should normally be used only where the casualty appears to be unconscious or co-operative, and must never be used when the casualty is struggling or in a state of panic.

Extended arm tow

A variety of contact tow with or without the use of buoyant.

Clothing tow

A variety of contact tow with the casualty’s clothing grasped behind upper back.

Wrist tow

A variety of contact tow where you have to grasp the back of the casualty’s wrist and encourage them to kick.

Cross chest tow

A variety of contact tow where one arm is over the shoulder and under the opposite armpit of the casualty, taking care not to obstruct the airway.

Double shoulder tow

A variety of contact tow where the casualty is held firmly under the armpits.

Head tow

A variety of contact tow where you have to approach from behind, place your hands on each side of the casualty’s head and swim on your back.

shock

During an aftercare, treating _______, a conscious casualty should be laid on his/her back with his/her feet and legs raised if there is no injury.

Nothing should be given to eat or drink

What is a key point to remember during an aftercare about the intake?