A&P Lab Nervous Exam 1

Olfactory (1)

sensory; sense of smell

Optic (2)

sensory; vision

Oculomotor (3)

motor; eye movement, pupil control

Trochlear (4)

motor; eye movement

Trigeminal (5)

both; chewing, facial sensation

Abducens (6)

motor; lateral eye movement

Facial (7)

both; facial expression, taste, salvation

Vestibulocochlear (8)

sensory; hearing, balance

Glossopharyngeal (9)

both; swallowing, taste, salvation

Vagus (10)

both; heart rate, digestion, swallowing

Accessory (11)

motor; neck and shoulder movement

Hypoglossal (12)

motor; tongue movement

Gyri

elevated ridges

Sulci

shallow grooves

Cerebral Hemisphere

left and right; higher level cognitive functions

Longitudinal Fissure

travels along the midsagittal plane of the brain; deep groove

Central Sulcus

divides the precentral gyrus from the postcentral gyrus

Frontal lobe 

controls voluntary skeletal muscles

Parietal lobe 

general sensation

Occipital lobe

vision

Temporal lobe 

hearing and smell

Primary motor cortex

voluntary movement of skeletal muscles

Primary somatosensory cortex

receives sensory input from sensory receptors

Visual area

occipital lobe; receive and interpret the meaning of impulses

Auditory area 

temporal lobe; receive and interpret sensory impulses

Insula 

memory and taste

Diencephalons

processes, integrates, and relays information

Thalamus 

arousal and attention

Hypothalamus

produces hormones that control the activity of the pituitary gland

Epithalamus 

circadian rhythms

Pineal gland 

secretes melatonin

Pituitary gland 

link between endocrine and nervous system

Midbrain

acts as a relay station for tracts

Corpora quadrigemina; Superior colliculus

visual reflexes 

Corpora quadrigemina; Inferior colliculus  

auditory reflexes

Lateral ventricle 

produce and circulate cerebral spinal fluid 

Septum Pellucidum  

separates the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles

Third Ventricle  

produce and circulate cerebral spinal fluid

Cerebral aqueduct  

allows CSF to pass from third ventricle to the fourth ventricle

Fourth ventricle 

produce and circulate cerebral spinal fluid 

White Matter: Anterior funiculi

control posture and balance 

White Matter; Lateral funiculi

transmits information up and down the spinal cord 

White Matter; Posterior funiculi 

transmits sensory information (tactile sensations) 

Gray Matter; Ventral/Anterior Horn

motor command center for voluntary control 

Gray Matter; Dorsal/posterior Horn

 shock absorption and stability

Gray Matter; Lateral Horn

relay signals for the autonomic nervous system 

Gray Matter; Gray Commissure 

facilitate communication and coordination of neural signals 

Gray Matter; Central Canal  

transport and circulate CSF through center of spinal cord

Dorsal/posterior root

carries sensory information from body to CNS 

Dorsal root ganglion

transmit sensory information from body to spinal cord to the brain  

Ventral/anterior root

transmits motor signals from CNS to muscles and glands 

Spinal nerve  

transmits sensory and motor signals between spinal cord and rest of body

Dorsal ramus  

posterior branch of spinal nerve that innervates deep muscles of back

Ventral ramus

carries both information to anterior and lateral parts of body

Dura Mater  

protective membranes that cover brain and spinal cord (outermost layer)

Pia Mater

protection, support, and anchoring membrane that covers the brain and spinal cord (innermost layer) 

Epidural space

acts as a buffer against physical trauma and impact (between dura mater) 

Subarachnoid space

filled with CSF