Heart and Circulatory System Flashcards

Flashcards covering the heart, blood vessels, and blood pressure.

Right Atrium

Receives blood from the superior vena cava, inferior vena cava, and coronary sinus; pumps blood to the right ventricle.

Right Ventricle

Receives blood from the right atrium; pumps blood to the pulmonary trunk.

Left Atrium

Receives oxygenated blood from the pulmonary veins; pumps blood to the left ventricle.

Left Ventricle

Receives oxygenated blood from the left atrium; pumps blood to the aorta.

Tricuspid Valve (Right AV Valve)

Prevents backflow of blood from the right ventricle into the right atrium.

Bicuspid/Mitral Valve (Left AV Valve)

Prevents backflow of blood from the left ventricle into the left atrium.

Chordae Tendineae

Direct blood out of heart to body; Stops Valves from flipping backwards

Septum Intraventricular

Wall between left and right ventricles; Separates 02 rich/poor blood

Apex

Direct blood to lungs

Jugular Vein

From head to anterior/superior vena cava + back to right atrium

Anterior/Superior Vena Cava

Conducts blood from various veins to the right atrium.

Posterior/Inferior Vena Cava

Drains blood from the lower part of the body and veins to the right atrium.

Hepatic Vein

Transports blood from the liver to the inferior vena cava and then to the right atrium.

Hepatic Portal Vein

Carries blood from the intestines to the liver.

Renal Vein

Carries blood from kidneys to inferior vena cava and right atrium of heart.

Renal Artery

Transports blood from the aorta to the kidneys.

Iliac Vein

Transports blood from lower extremeties to the Inferior vena cava to the right Atrium of heart

Iliac Artery

Transports blood from aorta to blood to trunk/legs

Mesenteric Arteries

Transports blood from the aorta to the intestines.

Aorta

Distributes blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the entire body

Pulmonary Vein

Transports blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart.

Pulmonary Artery

Transports blood from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Subclavian Vein

Transports blood from the arms to the superior vena cava.

Subclavian Artery

Transports blood from the aorta to the arms.

Carotid Artery

Transports blood from the aorta to the head/brain.

Coronary Arteries

Transports blood from the aorta to the heart muscle.

SA (sinoatrial) node

Located on the upper right atrium; initiates the heartbeat and sends out signals every 0.85 seconds causing the atria to contract.

AV (atrio ventricular) node

Located on the lower right atrium; when a signal from the SA node reaches here, it causes the ventricles to contract.

Atherosclerosis

Accumulation of soft masses of fatty material, esp. cholesterol, beneath inner linings of arteries which protrude and interfere with blood flow and increase blood pressure.

Blood pressure

The force of blood on the walls of arteries

Systole

contraction of the ventricles- Pumping action

Diastole

Relaxation of the ventricles - Chambers refilling

Hypertension

blood pressure is higher than expected- indication of cardiovascular disease

Hypotension

When blood pressure is lower than expected

Normal Blood Pressure

120/80

Arteries

• Large, carry blood away from the heart

• Thick elastic walls that can stretch

• Surrounded by smooth muscle

Arterioles

• Smaller than arteries

• Have spinchters in btw them

• Moslty smooth muscle - much control

Capillaries

• Microscopic

• Nutrient gas, waste exchange here

• 1 Cell thick

• All over body

• Highly controlled blood flow

• Have Sphincters (muscle rings) btw arterioles and capillary beds to control flow of blood into entire capillary beds

Venules

• Drain blood from capilary beds

• Begin flow towards heart

Veins

• Larger

• Have Valves- allow blood to flow only in 1 direction towards the heart

• Act as blood reservoir

• Thinner walls than arteries

• Surrounded by skeletal muscle to contract and apply pressure to move blood against gravity.