HIST 1301 exam 1 part 1/3

— Pre-Columbian — English history background — Reformation — Tudors + Stewarts

Age of exploration characteristics

Age of exploration characteristics

• shipbuilding

• mapmaking

• Columbus

• Europeans claiming new world

Columbus

Italian explorer’s sponsored by Spain.

Got to the Americas through a miscalculation (Earth was bigger than expected)

Spanish Territories

Central and Southern N. America

Eastern S. America

Portuguese Territories

Western S. America

French Territories

Central North America + Mississippi valley’s

English Territories

East coast + Northeastern Canada

Spain’s military conquest

• Advanced weaponry

• Central America

• Primarily for gold

• Other indigenous groups aided them

Spain’s strongest opponents

Incan’s and Mayans

France in the New World

“Formal ceremonies of possession”

• Quebec was originally a walled city

• Fur, leather, deerskin, and beaver trade

• “Business relationship with positive relations”

Portugal and Dutch (Netherlands) in the New World

Navigational charting and exploration

England in the New World

• Enclosed and cultivated land

• benefited from previous indigenous groups land

• Sent families to repopulate

Paul Johnson

Defying principal of English populations was they sent families and priests

Why was England late in the New World?

• Tutors were consolidating power

• York vs Lancaster (Richard III)

• Repelling Spanish armadas and pillaging from other nations

• Pacification of Ireland (fighting the Irish)

Magna Carta (1215)

• Document limiting power of the King, saying that even HE is under the law

• Established due to King John

  • nobles hated due to taxes

Cause of the Protestant Reformation

The church had too much political power

Martian Luther

• “Spark” of reformation

• Posted 95 Theses with grievances against the Catholic Church (1517)

  • Indulgences

• Wanted to reform the catholic church

Indulgences

The system of the medieval Catholic Church in which one pays (in cash) for themselves or a relative to get into heaven

Printing Press

Invention that allowed books and other text to be mass-produced

• first book was the bible

Tutors

• King Henry VIII

  • Created Church of England for a divorce

• Princess Mary (Catholic)

  • Killed protestants and was called “Bloody Mary”

Stuarts

• Believed in “Right of Kings” aka chosen by God

• Hated sharing power with parliment

• Involved in the civil war (royalist vs. protestant)