Studied by 10 people
Vocabulary and concepts in Unit II
Agricultural density
The ration of the number of farmers to the total amount of arable land
Antinatalist policy
Government policy that supports lower birth rates
Arable land
Land suited for agriculture
Arithmetic density
The total number of people divided by the total land area
Carrying capacity
The population size of a species that the environment can sustain indefinitely, given the available resources.
Census
A complete enumeration of a population
Crude Birth Rate (CBR)
The total number of live births in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Crude Death Rates (CDR)
The total number of deaths in a year for every 1,000 people alive in the society
Demographic transition
The process of change in a society’s population from a condition of high crude birth and death rates and low rate of natural increase to a condition of low CBR and CDR, low NIR and higher total population
Demography
The scientific study of population characteristics
Dependency ratio
The number of people under the age 15 and over 64 compares to the number of people active in the labor force
Doubling time
The number of years needed to double a population, assuming a constant rate of natural increase
Ecumene
The portion of Earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement
Epidemic
A widespread occurrence of an infectious disease in a community at a particular time
Epidemiologic transition
The process of change in the distinctive causes of death in each stage of the demographic transition
Epidemiology
The branch of medical science concerned with the incidence, distribution, and control of diseases that are prevalent among a population at a special time and are produced by some special causes not generally present in the affected locality
Industrial Revolution
A series of improvements in industrial technology that transformed the process of manufacturing goods
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
The total number of deaths in a year among infants under 1 year of age for every 1,000 live births in a society
Life expentancy
The average number of years an individual can be expected to live, given current social, economic, and medical conditions. Life expectancy at birth is the average number of years a newborn infant can expect to live.
Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR)
The annual number of female deaths per 100,000 live births from any cause related to or aggravated by pregnancy or its management (excluding accidental or incidental causes)
Medical Revolution
Medical technology invented in Europe and North America that has diffused to the poorer countries in Latin America, Asia and Africa. Improved medical practices have eliminated many of the traditional causes of death in poorer countries and enabled more people to live longer and healthier lives
Natural Increase Rate (NIR)
The percentage growth of a population in a year, computed as the CBR minus the CDR
Overpopulation
A situation in which the number of people in an area exceeds the capacity of the environment to support life at a decent standard of living
Pandemic
An epidemic that occurs over a wide geographic area and affects a very high proportion of the population at the same time
Physiological density
The number of people per unit area of arable land
Population pyramid
A bar graph that represents the distribution of population by age and sex
Potential support ratio (Elderly support ratio)
The number of working-age people (ages 15-64) divided by the number of persons 65 and older
Pronatalist policy
Government policy that supports higher birth rates
Sex ratio
The number of males per 100 females in the population
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
The average number of children a woman will have throughout her childbearing years
Zero population growth
A decline of the total fertility rate to the point where the natural increase rate equals zero
Agricultural Revolution
Started in the Stone Ages, it allowed people to stop relying on hunting-gathering
Green Revolution
An increase in crop production in developing countries with the help of fertilizers and pesticides
Agricultural density
Which type density reflects on the level of development of a country?
The IMR reflect on a country’s ________ _____
Health-care system
Natural Replacement Rate
2.1
Stage 5 in the Epidemiologic Transition
Note 
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