FLVS Chemistry: Module 3 Notes (w/ Flashcards)

An atom has the following electron configuration.

1s²2s²2p⁶3s²3p⁴

How many valence electrons does this atom have?

6

Valence electrons are involved in chemical bonding.

True

Match each element to the number of electrons in its valence shell.

Match	Term	Definition
	Beryllium (Be)	A) Four
	Carbon (C)	B) One
	Lithium (Li)	C) Three
	Boron (B)	D) Two

1. D

2. A

3. B

4. C

An atom's Lewis dot structure has four dots. Which of the following elements could it be, and why?

Carbon, because it is in group 14 and has four valence electrons.

The electron configuration of an element is 1s²2s²2p⁵. Will a bond form if an atom of this element moves towards an atom with one valence electron? Why or why not?

Yes, a bond will form because the element with the electron configuration 1s²2s²2p⁵  will have 7 valence electrons, and needs one more to become stable. By chemically bonding, these two elements can complete the octet rule and have a stable configuration.

How many oxygen atoms are in osmium tetroxide?

4

Match the formula to the correct name.

Match	Term	Definition
	Al2O3	A) Aluminum oxide
	Al(HCO3)3	B) Aluminum carbonate
	Al2(CO3)3	C) Aluminum bicarbonate

1. A

2. C

3. B

When an element is a cation in an ionic bond, it will have its name changed to end with an -ide.

False

What is the formula for sodium nitrite?

 NaNO₂

What is the correct name for P₄S₃?

 Tetraphosphorus trisulfide

Sulfur dioxide is a covalent compound.

True

Match each of the unknown ions to its appropriate description.

Match	Term	Definition
	A−	A) A nonmetal that gained two electrons
	B+	B) A metal that lost two electrons
	C2−	C) A metal that lost one electron
	D2+	D) A nonmetal that gained one electron

1. D

2. C

3. A

4. B

Lithium has a 1+ charge, and oxygen has a 2− charge. A Lewis dot diagram should contain one lithium atom and two oxygen atoms to show how these atoms form an ionic bond.

False

What is the formula of the compound formed between chlorine (Cl) and calcium (Ca)?

CaCl₂, because calcium loses two electrons and chlorine gains one electron.

Which of the following is a correct formula unit of an ionic compound?

 Al₂O₃

A student made the Lewis dot diagram of a compound as shown.


What is the error in the Lewis dot diagram?

 Both electrons of Mg should be transferred to one O atom because the formula is MgO.

What is the formula unit for a compound made from Pb⁴⁺ and oxygen?

 PbO₂

Which of the following correctly describes how metals behave in an ionic bond?

 Metals lose their valence electrons and form positive ions.

The molecule NH₃ contains all single bonds.

True

When two nitrogen atoms bond together in N₂, what type of covalent bond do they form?

A triple bond, because they overlap orbitals to share three pairs of electrons.

A single covalent bond involves two atoms sharing one pair of electrons.

True

What types of atoms typically form covalent bonds?

Nonmetals with nonmetals, because their difference in electronegativity is below 1.7.

What best explains the formula unit for a compound made from fluorine and hydrogen?

HF, because both fluorine and hydrogen are capable of forming only one covalent bond.

Two students made the Lewis dot diagrams of H₂O. The diagrams are as shown.


Which student drew the correct Lewis dot diagram?

 Only Student A

The boiling points of diatomic halogens are compared in the table.

Molecule	Boiling Point
F2	−188 °C
Cl2	−34 °C
Br2	59 °C
I2	184 °C

Diatomic bromine has weaker intermolecular forces than diatomic fluorine.

False

An induced dipole occurs when one molecule with a permanent dipole repels another molecule's electrons, causing the electrons to be more concentrated on one end of the molecule than another.

True

What is the strongest intermolecular force that occurs between molecules of H₂S?

 Dipole-dipole force

When comparing H₂, NH₃, O₂, and CH₄, which of the following statements is correct?

 NH₃ has the highest boiling point because it experiences hydrogen bonding.

What type of intermolecular force occurs between all substances?

 London dispersion force

Match each type of organic compound to its description.

Match	Term	Definition
	Contains a nitrogen bonded to carbon(s) and is usually basic	A) Carbohydrate
	Extremely long molecule chain with repeated molecular units	B) Amine
	Makes up cell walls, fats, or amino acids	C) Polymer
	Organic compound with an oxygen bonded between two carbons	D) Ether

1. B

2. C

3. A

4. D

CH₃CH₂OH is an organic compound that is soluble in water. What type of compound is this?

Alcohol

A compound has the molecular formula C₃H₇OH. Which class of organic compounds does it belong to?

Alcohols

The polarity of an oxygen-hydrogen bond is higher than the polarity of a nitrogen-hydrogen bond, allowing amines to be more soluble than alcohols.

False

Carbon atoms naturally bond with each other in chains, rings, or networks, but they cannot bond with oxygen or nitrogen.

False

What functional group consists of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom?

Carbonyl group

In a certain organic compound, one of the carbon atoms is bonded to two atoms: a hydrogen atom and a carbon atom. What type of bond exists between the two carbon atoms?

Triple Covalent