Solution Chemistry and Redox Reactions

A set of flashcards covering key terms and concepts in solution chemistry, acid-base reactions, and oxidation-reduction reactions as outlined in the provided lecture notes.

Homogeneous Mixture

A mixture that has a uniform composition throughout, also known as a solution.

Solute

The minor component in a solution, which is dissolved.

Solvent

The major component of a solution, which does the dissolving.

Dilute Solution

A solution that has a small amount of solute compared to the solvent.

Concentrated Solution

A solution that has a large amount of solute compared to the solvent.

Molarity (M)

A measure of concentration expressed as moles of solute per liter of solution.

Electrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water to produce a solution that conducts electricity.

Nonelectrolyte

A substance that dissolves in water but does not produce a solution that conducts electricity.

Strong Electrolyte

A substance that completely dissociates into ions in solution.

Weak Electrolyte

A substance that partially dissociates into ions in solution.

Precipitate

A solid that forms and settles out of a liquid mixture (solution) during a chemical reaction.

Acid–Base Reaction

A reaction where an acid and a base react to form a salt and water; also called a neutralization reaction.

Titration

A laboratory method used to determine the concentration of an unknown solution by reacting it with a solution of known concentration.

Oxidation-Reduction Reaction (Redox)

A chemical reaction in which electrons are transferred between substances.

Reducing Agent

The reactant that donates electrons and is oxidized in a redox reaction.

Oxidizing Agent

The reactant that accepts electrons and is reduced in a redox reaction.

Spectator Ion

Ions that do not participate in the overall reaction and remain unchanged on both sides of a chemical equation.

Complete Ionic Equation

An equation that shows all ions present in a solution during a reaction.

Net Ionic Equation

An equation that shows only the species that actually participate in a reaction, omitting spectator ions.

Oxidation State

A number assigned to an element in a compound that represents the number of electrons lost, gained, or shared in forming that compound.