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To explain the effects of government policy, how Reconstruction resulted in continuity and change in American identity, and compare the Civil War's significance on American values.
What was Lincoln's approach to Reconstruction in 1863?
Lincoln proposed a plan that offered a pardon to Confederacy supporters who swore allegiance to the Union and accepted the end of slavery, requiring that 10% of eligible voters do so for state reentry.
What were the key components of Johnson's Reconstruction plan?
Johnson provided amnesty to whites who signed loyalty oaths, required states to abolish slavery and pay war debts, but excluded freed blacks from voting.
What measures did Radical Republicans advocate for during Reconstruction?
They promoted equal rights for freed African Americans, enforced military occupation in the South, and supported the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments.
What was the significance of the Freedmen's Bureau?
It was the first government agency set up to help formerly enslaved people and oversee labor contracts, schools, and conflicts between Blacks and Whites.
What led to the impeachment of President Johnson in 1866?
The Radical Republicans gained veto-proof majorities in Congress, used the Tenure of Office Act as a set-up to impeach Johnson after he fired Secretary of War Edwin Stanton.
What were the main achievements of Radical Reconstruction?
It established political and citizenship rights for Blacks, defined citizenship, prohibited the denial of life, liberty, or property without due process, and banned rebels from office.
What issues contributed to the failure of Reconstruction?
Lack of land redistribution, the cycle of poverty through crop lien systems, and the enforcement of Black Codes and other discriminatory laws.
What was the role of the KKK during Reconstruction?
The KKK aimed to intimidate Black voters and restore white supremacy, leading to President Grant's declaration of war against the organization.
What was the outcome of the Compromise of 1877?
The election of 1876 was disputed, resulting in Rutherford Hayes winning; in exchange, Congress agreed to end Reconstruction and remove the last troops from the South.
