Health Information Systems and Health Management Information Systems Review

Flashcards covering core concepts, components, advantages, challenges, and related frameworks of Health Information Systems (HIS) and Health Management Information Systems (HMIS), including Monitoring and Evaluation (M&E) and program-specific indicators.

Health Informatics

The application of both technology and systems in a healthcare setting.

Health Information Systems (HIS)

Systems that cover the records, coding, documentation, and administration of patient and ancillary services, capturing, storing, managing, or transmitting information related to health.

HIS Resources

Consist of the legislative, regulatory, and planning frameworks; personnel, financing, logistics support, information and communications technology (ICT), and coordinating mechanisms required for a functional HIS.

Indicators (in HIS)

A core set of variables and targets for the three domains of health information (inputs, outputs, and outcomes), encompassing determinants of health, health system inputs, outputs, and outcomes, and health status.

Population-based data sources

Includes censuses, civil registration, and population surveys.

Institution-based data sources

Includes individual records, service records, and resource records.

Data Management (HIS component)

Covers all aspects of data handling, including collection, storage, quality-assurance, flow, processing, compilation, and analysis.

Information Products (HIS component)

Transformed data that will become the basis for evidence and knowledge to shape health action.

Dissemination and Use (HIS component)

The process of making health information readily accessible to decision-makers, enhanced by addressing behavioral and organizational constraints and providing incentives for information use.

Demographic Data

Facts such as age, gender, race, marital status, address, names of immediate family members, employment status, schooling, and education.

Administrative Data

Data involving facts with respect to services provided (e.g., diagnostic tests or procedures), charges and amounts paid, the kind of practitioner, and the nature of the institution.

Health Risk Information

Data revealing lifestyle and behavior (e.g., tobacco use) and facts about family history and genetic factors.

Health Status (Data)

Data reflecting health-related quality of life, including domains like physical functioning, mental and emotional well-being, and cognitive functioning.

Patient Medical History

Data on previous medical encounters, surgical procedures, hospital admissions, and past medical events.

Current Medical Management

Content of encounter forms, current health problems, diagnoses, allergies, therapeutic procedures, prescribed medications, and counseling.

Outcomes Data

Measures the effects of health care and the aftermath of health problems, such as re-admission or unexpected complications.

Health Management Information System (HMIS)

An information system specifically designed to assist in the management and planning of health programs, enhancing healthcare service management and providing real-time data availability for monitoring hospital performance.

HMIS Conceptual Framework (H-M-S)

The intersection of Health (clinical studies), Management (management principles), and Information Systems (ability to analyze systems and design/implement computer applications).

Relevant (HMIS quality)

Information collected must be pertinent to the policies and goals of the institution and the responsibilities of professionals.

Functional (HMIS quality)

Information that is used immediately for management and not waiting for feedback from higher levels.

Integrated (HMIS quality)

Information collection uses one set of forms and has no duplication of reporting.

Routine Collection (HMIS quality)

Data is collected on a regular basis from every health unit.

Complete (HMIS quality)

Provides information on all key aspects.

Consistent (HMIS quality)

Similar information from different sources has consistent definitions.

Clear (HMIS quality)

Elements are unambiguous about what they measure.

Simple (HMIS quality)

Not unnecessarily complicated.

Cost-Effective (HMIS quality)

Usage justifies collection and analysis costs.

Accessible (HMIS quality)

In a form readily accessible to all legitimate users.

Confidential (HMIS quality)

Ensures people without legitimate access are denied.

Data Input (HMIS phase)

The phase that includes data acquisition and data verification.

Data Management (HMIS phase)

The phase that includes data storage, data classification, data update, and data computation.

Data Output (HMIS phase)

The phase that includes data retrieval and data presentation.

Data Acquisition (HMIS element)

The generation and collection of accurate, timely, and relevant data, achieved through standard coded formats.

Data Verification (HMIS element)

The authentication and validation of gathered data, where quality depends on the authority, validity, and reliability of sources.

Data Storage (HMIS element)

The preservation and archival of data that is no longer actively used, sometimes required by legislation.

Data Classification (HMIS element)

The organization of data (sorting according to key parameters or diagnostic schemes) to increase search efficiency.

Data Computation (HMIS element)

Data manipulation and transformation using mathematical models, statistical, and probabilistic approaches to allow strategic decision-making.

Data Update (HMIS element)

A mechanism to account for new and changing information through constant monitoring.

Data Retrieval (HMIS element)

The processes of data transfer to the end-user, constrained by the economics of producing the needed information.

Data Presentation (HMIS element)

How users interpret the information (e.g., summary tables, statistical reports, presentation graphics).

Behavioral Determinants (of HMIS performance)

Relate to the data collector and user's confidence, motivation, and competence to perform RHIS tasks, affected by individual perceptions, knowledge, skills, attitudes, values, and motivation.

Organizational/Environmental Determinants (of HMIS performance)

Relate to the organization's environment, information culture, structure, roles, and responsibilities, factors include critical management functions, governance, planning, availability of resources, training, supervision, and finances.

Technical Determinants (of HMIS performance)

Involve the overall design used in the collection of information, comprising the complexity of reporting forms, the procedure set forward in data collection, and the overall design of computer software.

PRISM Conceptual Framework

Performance of Routine Information System Management; a framework that defines the various components of the RHIS system and their linkages to produce better quality data and continuous use of information.

Monitoring (M&E)

The systematic collection, analysis, and use of information from programs for learning, accounting, and decision-making (steering function).

Evaluation (M&E)

Assessing an ongoing or completed program or policy as systematically and as objectively as possible to make statements about its relevance, effectiveness, efficiency, impact, and sustainability.

Indicator (M&E)

A variable that measures the value of the change in meaningful units.

Maternal Survival Strategies (MSS)

A framework aiming to achieve the fifth Millennium Development Goal (reducing maternal mortality) by relying on a highly effective package of health facility-oriented interventions.

STOP TB Program (STP)

A program aimed at dramatically reducing the global burden of TB, targeting a 50% reduction in prevalence and deaths, and achieving universal access to high-quality diagnosis and patient-centered treatment.