AP World History Vocabulary Flashcards

Flashcards of key vocabulary and concepts from the AP World History: Modern study guide.

Significance of the Song Dynasty

Under the Song Dynasty (960-1279), China enjoyed great wealth, political stability, and artistic and intellectual innovations.

The Grand Canal

An efficient waterway transportation system that enabled China to become the most populous trading area in the world.

Gunpowder

Technology of gunpowder and guns spread from China to all parts of Eurasia via traders on the Silk Roads

Tributes

An arrangement to gain income in which other states had to pay money or provide goods to honor the Chinese emperor.

Expected that women would defer to men

Seen in the constraint of foot binding.

Buddhism

Three forms of Buddhism from India came to shape Asia, each developing a different emphasis: Theravada Buddhism, Mahayana Buddhism, and Tibetan Buddhism

Neo-Confucianism

Evolved in China between 770 and 840. It was a syncretic system, combining rational thought with the more abstract ideas of Daoism and Buddhism.

Daimyo

Landowning aristocrats, battled for control of the land, while the majority of people worked as rice farmers.

Shogun

Military ruler

Korea's location

Had a very direct relationship with China and had a tributary relationship.

Social Structures of Vietnam

Vietnamese women enjoyed greater independence in their married lives than did Chinese women in the Confucian tradition.

Vietnamese families

Vietnamese preferred nuclear families, in which the father, mother and their children live in one household.

Vietnamese villages

Villages operated independently of a national government; political centralization was nonexistent.

Nasir al-Din al-Tusi

Laid the groundwork for making trigonometry a separate subject.

‘A’ishah al-Ba’uniyyah

May be the most prolific female Muslim writer before the 20th century. Many of her works describe her journey toward mystical illumination.

Advances in medicine

Medical advances and hospital care improved in cities such as Cairo, while doctors and pharmacists studied for examinations for licenses that would allow them to practice.

Preservation and commentaries on Greek moral and natural philosophy

House of Wisdom in Abbasid Baghdad.

Political Structures in South Asia

Southern India was more stable than northern India. The first kingdom, the Chola Dynasty, reigned over southern India for more than 400 years (850—1267).

Delhi Sultanate

Bringing Islam into India, the Delhi Sultanate reigned for 300 years, from the l3th through the l6th centuries.

The Bhakti Movement

Beginning in the 12th century, some Hindus began to draw upon traditional teachings about the importance of emotion in their spiritual life.

The Srivijaya Empire (67H-1025)

A Hindu kingdom based on Sumatra. It built up its navy and prospered by charging fees for ships that traveled between India and China.

The Majapahit Kingdom (1293—1520)

Based on Java had 98 tributaries at its height. Like Srivijaya, Majapahit held onto its power by controlling sea routes. Unlike Srivijaya, Majapahit was Buddhist.

The Sinhala dynasties

Sri Lanka had their roots in the arrival of early immigrants, most likely merchants, from northern India.

The Khmer Empire (802—1431)

Situated near the Mekong River and was not dependent on maritime prowess for its power. The kingdom’s complex irrigation and drainage systems led to economic prosperity, making it one of the most prosperous kingdoms in Southeast Asia.

The Mississippian Culture

First large-scale civilization in North America, started in Mississippi River Valley, and had a rigid class structure and a matrilineal society

Mayan city-state

Each ruled by a king and consisting of a city and its surrounding territory. Each Mayan king claimed to be a descendant of a god (divine right)

The Aztecs

Hunter-gatherers who migrated to central Mexico from the north in the 1200s.

Aztec government

A theocracy, in which religious leaders had the power. They worshipped hundreds of deities.

Mit’a system

Mandatory public service

Kin-based networks

Families governed themselves.

Political Structures in Inland Africa

Communities formed kin-based networks, where families governed themselves

Griots

Were the conduits of history for a community.

Feudalism

Provided some security for peasants, equipment for warriors, and land to those who worked for a lord.

The manorial system

Produced everything that people living on it required, limiting the need for trade and contact with outsiders.

The Estates-General

A body that advised the king which included representatives from each of the three legal classes, or estates, in France: the clergy, nobility, and commoners.

Jews during the Middle Ages

Anti-Semitism was widespread among Christians. They viewed Jews as outsiders and untrustworthy.

The Renaissance

A period characterized by a revival of interest in classical Greek and Roman literature, culture, art, and civic virtue.

Johannes Gutenberg’s movable-type printing press

Permitted manuscripts to be mass-produced at relatively affordable costs. It led to a growth in literacy and the rapid spread of ideas.

Emergence of New States

States arise on land once controlled by another empire

Synthesis of Different Traditions

A state adapts foreign ideas to local conditions

Zionism

Ism the desire of Jews to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the Middle East.

Revolutionary ideals in France

Summarized in the slogan liberté, égalité, et fraternité (liberty, equality, and fraternity).

Eli Whitney in 1798

System of interchangeable parts for manufacturing firearms for the U.S. military. Directly led to the division of labor.

Transcontinental Railroad

Connected the Atlantic and Pacific oceans when it was completed in 1869, facilitated U.S. industrial growth.

Monopoly

Control of a specific business and elimination of all competition. In the United States, John D. Rockefeller created a monopoly in the oil industry.

Fair trade

A system that ensures the person who provided the good or service receives a reasonable payment for it

Genetic engineering

Manipulating a cell or organism to change its basic characteristics.

Deforestation

The loss of Earth’s trees as a result of cutting down trees so the land could be used for agriculture

Desertification

The removal of the natural vegetation cover through expansions and intensive use of agricultural lands arid and semi-arid land

Cholera

Bacterial disease that spreads through contaminated water and causes about 95,000 deaths per year. Like tuberculosis and malaria, cholera affects mainly poor people in developing countries.

California constitution of 1879

It prohibited the state, counties, municipalities, and public works from hiring Chinese workers.

Human rights

A set of basic freedoms that every person has, such as freedom from slavery and freedom to express opinions

Fair trade

A system that ensures the person who provided the good or service receives a reasonable payment for it

Sustainable development

Business ventures that allow people and companies to make a profit without preventing future generations from meeting their own needs

Terrorism

The use of violence to achieve political ends.

The Green Revolution

A long-time response to hunger. Scientists developed new varieties of wheat, rice, and other grains that had higher yields and greater resistance to pests, diseases, and drought.

Genetic engineering

Manipulating a cell or organism to change its basic characteristics

The United States during WW2 in the 1941 Lend-Lease Act

Gave up all pretensions of neutrality by lending war materials to Britain.

March 1, 1919 in Korea

A series of protests that involved as many as 2 million Koreans. The occupying Japanese forces killed several thousand.

The Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.

The most prominent of African American civil rights leaders in the United States in the 1950s and 1960s

July 1965 Civil Rights Act

Which outlawed discrimination based on race, color. religion. sex, or national origin, and the 1961 Voting Rights Act, which banned discrimination in voting, the federal government stepped in to protect the rights of all citizens.

Berlin Conference

A meeting hosted by Otto von Bismarck of Germany where Europeans established colonial borders that were merely artificial lines that meant little to the people who lived within them.

Spheres of influence

European nations carved out ___ within China over which they had exclusive trading rights and access to natural resources

Mercantilism

Economic system that increased government control of the economy through high tariffs and the establishment of colonies

Manifest Destiny

Belief that white Americans believed they had a natural and inevitable right to expand to the Pacific Ocean

Monroe Doctrine

stated that European nations should not intervene in the affairs of the countries in the Western Hemisphere

Racism

the belief that one race is superior to another

Age of Enlightenment

An intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th to 19th centuries