AMACE 2023-2024 | Architectural Design (credits: herbierover29)

Art & science of planning, designing and constructing buildings in accordance to principles of utility, strength and beauty

Architecture

Physical and systematic design undertaken by an architect on a community and urban plane

Urban Design

Designing for transportation requires knowledge on:

○Human Anthropometry

○Vehicular Anthropometry

○Human and Vehicular Ergonometry

Crucial in understanding Transportation Design would involve

○Access to transportation

○Egress to transportation

•Platforms

•Sidewalks

•Ramps

Pedestrian characteristics recommends for standing area with a body ellipse of:

50cm by 59.9cm

2 People walking side by side or passing each other in opposite directions take up an average space of:

1.4 meters

Refers to the building that either houses the conveyance, e.g., the vehicle, be it the carriage, and the horse, the car, boat, plane, train, or whatever vehicle one uses to transport people and goods

The Architecture of Transportation

Designing for transport requires the architect to have a full grasp of

○Nature of people (users or commuters)

○Building operations

○Vehicle dynamics (which include dimension, movement, mechanics, and operations)

Includes various managerial offices that run the day-to-day operations of such buildings

Building Operations

Designing Architecture for Transportation requires understanding two fundamental criteria:

○Human Behavior and Actions

○Transportation Types and Mode

Requires the knowledge of how transport modes are used or accessed

○Clearances

○Safety

○Operation

○Crowd Control

○Peak Schedule

Requires understanding of the dynamics and operation of the various transport modes

○Setbacks

○Turning Radiuses

○Clearances

○Measurements

○Safety

○Access

Influences in Transport Design

○The Architectural period or era

○Political, Economic, Health concerns of the period

○Technology and its representative architecture

○Functionality and Practicality

○Image and identity

○Capacity, Volume and Scale

○Ergonomics of the transport equipment or conveyance

It is usually in downtown core accessible directly by local bus, taxi. and auto. this type of terminal includes long haul or package express service and provides greater number of bus movements.

Inter City Bus Terminal

Other Classified bus terminal is a passenger collection and distribution center or a rapid transit feeder station. It is characterized by a diversified bus route and high turnover commuter type bus operation.

Urban Suburban Commuter Terminal

A bus terminal that is considered as the most efficient type which requires a minimum front. The wide space at the rear permits an easy maneuvering of the bus.

Radial Saw-Tooth Loading

The study of people in their working environment

Ergonomics

The spacing and height of opposing buildings have an influence on the impression made by a street space

Street Perception

The type, size and design of a place where vehicles can turn usually depend on the particular the vehicle type

Turning Radius

Parking slot configuration that takes up the smallest footprint out of all configurations

90° Configuration

Ramp parking configuration that increases the total efficiency of parking spaces

5% ramp slope

Typical lateral ramp configuration. Great for its narrow width. Downside is its length.

12% ramp slope

A vehicular ramp slope percentage that requires a 3-meter blends on the foot and peak of the ramp

16% ramp slope

It deals with the Designing of Buildings, facilities primarily for Trade and

Commerce

Commercial Architecture

Establishment where physical products and goods are displayed, sold, and or

consumed

Retail

Deals with Professional, Semi-Professional, or Specialized Work. Maybe Office Work

Service

Usually is found in the High Street, Commercial Street, Shopping

Centre, Shopping Mall or any designate commercial area within a community

Retail

Walk-up with upper floors occupied by professional services. Flexible Operating Time

Strip Mall

Large-scale multi-level retail that operates on defined hours

Mall

Improves individual focused work conditions in an open plan

Reversible Form

A non-territorial workstation system, which allow anyone to work on any desk for their specific tasks

Open Plan Form

Works like a small-open plan layout intended for focused group work. Flexible but still creates a sense of ownership

Group Room Form

It is a textual and graphical explanation containing the intentions and conceptual development leading to a design solution.

Concept Sheet

Explains intent of the designer and speaks of an idea on how to solve the architectural problem at hand that is in line with the philosophy

Design Concept

A tool that lists the spaces, what is within and its specific uses and function of each one in tabular form

Space Program

It is a creative problem-solving endeavor that transforms ideas and visions into 3-dimensional reality

Architectural Design Process

1st Architectural design phase where the architect gathers data from the site to design properly, also called the programming. Architect conceptualizes.

Schematic Phase

2nd Architectural Design Phase where design is clear and ready for the technical details with Space requirements and layout are satisfied

Design Development Phase

3rd Architectural Design Phase that communicates the design to construction drawings. Ready for permits. It is the longest phase.

Contract Documents Phase

4th and Final phase of the architectural services. Visit the site to ensure designs are followed according to plan. Reviews the accomplishment and

completion of worlds

Construction Phase

The finished look of the structure. Made for the convenience of the layman.

Perspective

Study of signs and symbols

Semiotics

Nature of signs and the laws governing them

Semiology

RA9514

Fire Code of the Philippines

BP220

Economic and Socialized Housing Law

PD957

Condominium and Subdivision Protection Law

Minimum width for a one-way and two-way traffic stair

0.90m and 1.50m

More than _____ meters wide, one or more intermediate handrails could be provided

3

Maximum gradient of pedestrian ramp

1:12 gradient

Slope gradient towards gutter

1:20 gradient

Minimum sidewalk width

1.20m

Architectural Plans/Drawings

○Vicinity Map (within 2km radius)

○Site Development Plan

○Perspectives

○Floorplans (not less than 1:100m)

○Elevations (at least 4 drawings)

○Sections (at least 2 drawings)

○Reflected Ceiling Plan

Components of Site Development Plan

○Technical description

○Boundaries

○Orientation and position of proposed building/structure in relation to the lot,

○Existing or proposed access road and driveways and existing public utilities/services

○Existing buildings within and adjoining the lot (shall be hatched and distances between the proposed and existing buildings shall be indicated.)

Components of section drawings

○Gridlines

○Natural ground and finish levels

○Outline of cut and visible structural parts

○Doors and windows properly labeled reflecting the direction of opening

○Partitions

○Built-in cabinets

Identification of rooms and functional spaces cut

The front of a building or any of its sides facing a public way or space, especially one distinguished by its architectural treatment

Facade

The collection and application of human measurements

Anthropometrics

A porch roof projecting over a driveway at the entrance to a building and sheltering those getting in or out of vehicles

Porte-Cochere

An orthographic projection of any of the significant interior walls of a building

Interior Elevation

The design and placement of windows in a building

Fenestration

An elevated platform projecting from the wall of a building and enclosed by a railing or parapet

Balcony

The mood, character, or atmosphere of an environment

Ambience

A very simple drawing that consists of representations of spaces connected by solid or broken lines to specify the type of relationship between spaces

Bubble Diagram

The branch of philosophy that deals with nature of art, beauty, and taste with a view to establishing the meaning and validity of critical judgements concerning works of art

Aesthetics

An approach to design that seeks to create better outcomes by basing decisions on credible research

Evidence Based Design

A low or partial storey between two main storeys of a building

Mezzanine

The relationship of one part to another or to whole, or between one object and another

Proportion

During the Renaissance period, this person wrote about the criteria of what makes good architecture that is still being used today

Marcus Vitruvius Polio

An exterior appendage to a building, forming a covered approach or vestibule to a doorway

Porch

An area in a building having a clearance less than human height, but accessible by crawling

Crawl Space

A method or manner of jointing that makes the united parts clear, distinct and precise in relation to each other

Articulation

Minimum width of all door clearance opening (BP344)

0.80m

Maximum line of travel to an exit of an aisle

45.00m

Travel distance to an exit without fire sprinkler system

46.00m

Accessible elevators should be located not more than _______ meters

from the entrance and should be easy to locate with the aid of

signs

30.00m

Minimum spacing of rows measured from back to back

0.84m

Minimum width of any seat

0.45m

Rooms for Human Habitation

6 sqm

Least dimension of rooms for human habitation

2.00 sqm

Hotel building parking ratio

1:10 bedrooms

Accessible parking slots should have a minimum width of

3.70m

Unit area per occupant for classrooms

1.80 sqm

Minimum Dimensions of an accessible elevator (BP344)

1.10m X 1.40m

Minimum ramp width (BP344)

1.20m

The minimum width of a curb cut-out should be

0.90m

Diameter that is suitable guide in the planning of wheelchair turning spaces

1.50m

Comfortable reach of persons confined to wheelchairs is from

0.70 m to 1.20 m above the floor

A turning space of _________ sqm with a minimum dimension of ________

meters for wheelchair shall be provided for water closet stalls for

lateral mounting;

2.25 sqm and 1.50 meters

Handrails shall be installed at _______ meters and _______ meters above steps or

ramps

0.90 and 0.70 m

Maximum height of water closets should be

0.45 m

Manual (light) switches shall be positioned within

1.20 m to 1.30 m

above the floor

For Residentials, a simple passage between low objects such as sofa and coffee table, the pathway should have a minimum clearance of

0.40m

Group A

Residential Dwellings

Group B

Residential Hotels and Apartments

Group C

Educational and Recreational

Group D

Institutional

Group E

Business and Mercantile

Group F

Industrial (Non-Pollutive/Non-Hazardous Industries and Non-Pollutive/Hazardous Industries)

Group G

- Storage and Hazardous Industrial (Pollutive/Non-Hazardous industries and Pollutive/Hazardous Industries)

Group H

Assembly of less than 1000

Group I

Assembly of more than 1000