AP European History Study Guide: Renaissance to Revolutions

Flashcards covering key concepts, events, and figures from the Renaissance to the Revolutionary periods in European history.

What economic system dominated Europe before the Renaissance?

Feudalism and a manorial economy.

What was the primary focus of education before the Renaissance?

Scholasticism, not individual achievement.

Who were the key artists of the Italian Renaissance?

Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, Raphael, Botticelli.

What key document did Martin Luther post in 1517?

The 95 Theses.

What major belief did Luther advocate regarding salvation?

Justification by faith alone.

What was the significance of the printing press during the Renaissance?

It spread ideas rapidly, influencing movements like the Protestant Reformation.

Who is considered the 'Father of Humanism'?

Petrarch.

What was the primary focus of the Northern Renaissance?

Religious reform and moral realism.

What event marked the start of the Protestant Reformation?

Luther posting the 95 Theses.

Which artists are known for their work during the Northern Renaissance?

Jan van Eyck, Albrecht Dürer, Pieter Bruegel the Elder.

What was a defining characteristic of Baroque art?

It aimed to inspire emotion and faith.

What was the outcome of the Diet of Worms (1521)?

Luther refused to recant his writings.

What was the main idea of Erasmus' 'In Praise of Folly'?

Criticism of Church corruption.

Which monarchs unified Spain in the late 15th century?

Ferdinand & Isabella.

What was the result of the Council of Trent (1545-1563)?

It reaffirmed Catholic doctrine and addressed corruption.

How did Louis XIV contribute to absolute monarchy in France?

He weakened the nobility and expanded royal bureaucracy.

What was the significance of the Peace of Augsburg (1555)?

It allowed rulers to determine the religion of their own states.

What social classes emerged as a result of the decline of feudalism?

The rise of the bourgeoisie.